江河源区草地退化状况及成因.pdf

严作良　周华坤 　刘 　伟 　周 　立 　江河源区草地退化状况及成因 江河源区草地退化状况及成因 严作良, 周华坤 , 刘 　伟 , 周 　立 ( 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 ,青海 　西宁 　81000 1) 摘要 : 近年来 ,江河源区存在草场严重退化 、土地荒漠化过程加剧 、水土流失加重以及湿地生 态衰退等以草地生态系统为主的生态环境退化问题 。分析研究结果表明 ,在青藏高原特殊的地理 气候背景下 ,经过长期自然演化形成的江河源区脆弱的草地生态系统 ,对外界环境条件反应极其 敏感 ,季节性过牧等人类活动是造成该区近期草地迅速退化的突破 口和主导因素 ,从而促使气候 、 鼠害等自然因子作用加剧 。江河源区的草地退化 ,是人为因素和 自然因素共同作用下人为加速加 剧的结果 。 　　关键词 : 江河源 ;草地退化 ;定量分析 ;成因 ( ) 　　中图分类号 : S812 . 5 　　文献标识码 :A 　　文章编号 :100063 11 2003 0 1007306 Prel iminary Discuss on Grassland Degradation in the Source Region of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. YAN Zuo-liang , ZHOU Hua- kun , L IU Wei , ZHOU Li ( N ort hw es t I ns t it u te of Pl ateau B iology , Chi nese A cademy of S ciences , X i ni ng 81000 1 , Chi na) : Grass l an d of Chi na , No . 1 ,2003 ,pp . 73～78 . Abstract :Recently , t he source area of Yangtze and Yellow River p resent t he p roblem of ecology environment on veget ation degrading , land desertification p rocess exp anding rapidly and wetland ecolo gy degrading . The degrading grassland and t he chan ged causes in t his region were analyzed . For t here are t he p articular climate condition in Qinghai- Xizang ( Tibet ) Plateau , t he grassland eco system in t he source region of Yangtze and Yel low River responded very susceptible to t he environment t hrough evolving p rocess. The human activities of t he seasonal heavy grazing are t he inducing and key factor ,and t he nat ural effect of t he climate changing and mouse harming are aggravating factor lead to grassland degradation . Depending on each ot her ,t he human and nat ural factor s were t he main factor s resulted in t he marked degeneration of grassland in t his region . Key words : Source re