电子科技大学计算机操作系统课件Chapter 1 Operating System Overview.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Operating System Overview 1.1 Objectives and Functions (p45) 1.1.1 Overview 1.1.2 The Operating System as a User/Computer Interface 1.1.3 The Operating System as Resource Manager 1.1.4 Ease of Evolution of an Operating System 1.1.2 OS as a User/Computer Interface (I) Services of the Operating System (II) System access Provide protection and authorized Error detection and response Such as: error Accounting From the Point of View of the Monitor (p51) Monitor is responsible for the running of every job Controls are transferred between monitor and other user programs 1.2.3 Multiprogrammed Batch Systems Read one record 0.0015 seconds Execute 100 instructions 0.0001 seconds Write one record 0.0015 seconds TOTAL 0.0031 seconds Percent CPU Utilization = 0.0001/0.0031=3.2% Figure 2.4 System Utilization Example Example of Multiprogramming 256k available memory Notes: not consider the resource competition Analysis Single Processor use＝5/(5+15+10)=17% Memory use=[(50*5+100*15+80*10)/256/30] =33% Disk use=10/30=33% Printer use＝10/30=33% Total time＝ 5+15+10＝30 Throughput ＝6 job/hour Mean response time＝（5+20+30）/3=18 Analysis Multiprogramming Processor use＝5/15=33% Memory use=[(50+100+80)*5+(100+80)*5+100*5]/256/15 =65% Disk use=10/15=67% Printer use＝10/15=67% Total time＝15 Throughout ＝12job/hour Mean response time＝（5+10+15）/3=10 Reducing the Swapping Loads by Partial Swapping（p59） Fig 2.10 Two Views of a Storage System Fig 2.11 Key elements of an Operating System for Multiprogramming Hierarchy (Table 2.4) Hierarchy Hierarchy (Hardware) Errors May Happen in Multiprogramming Improper synchronization（同步）: Signals being lost or duplicate（重复） signals being received. Failed mutual exclusion(失败的互斥) Nondeterminate（不确定） program operation: The result is not unique Deadlocks（死锁） To solute these problems, introduce process concept Process entity(实体) An executable program The associated data needed by the program The execution context(上下文) of the p