海岸带的修复.doc

Coastal Zone Restoration 海岸带的修复 C B Craft and J Bertram, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA S Broome, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA @2008 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. Introduction 引言 Coastal dunes and tidal wetlands are found at the interface between land and sea. They are dynamic ecosystems and serve as the first line of defense against the sea, buffering wind , waves, storm tides, and rising sea level. The physical environment of dunes and tidal wetlands is harsh. Both are exposed to wind and wave action and salt though they differ in availability of water. Dunes are water-limited as the unsaturated sandy soils have low water holding capacity that favors establishment of drought-tolerant vegetation. In tidal wetlands, the soils are saturated during tidal inundation, creating anaerobic soil conditions that favor colonization by hydrophytic(flood-tolerant) vegetation. 海岸沙丘和潮汐湿地存在于陆地与海洋的接口。它们是动态的生态系统，并且作为抵御海水、缓冲风力、海浪、风暴潮和不断上升的海平面的第一防线。沙丘和潮汐湿地的物理环境是恶劣的。尽管它们有不同的水源，但都暴露在风、海浪和盐之下。由于不饱和沙土的持水能力较低，所以沙丘的含水量有限，从而促使耐旱植被的形成。在潮汐洪水期，潮汐湿地的土壤是饱和的，土壤达到厌氧状态，从而促使形成水生（耐涝）植被的覆盖。 Dune Restoration 沙丘修复 Coastal dunes are a natural feature of sandy shorelines and are present in most temperate regions. They are among the most dynamic landforms, shifting with the winds and storm tides. Dunes are part of the nearshore environment that change seasonally and with episodic storms. They serve as reservoirs of sand to re-nourish the beach during storms as erosion of sand transports it offshore where it is deposited on sand bars to be returned gradually by the tides. Formation of dunes requires a source of sand, usually carried from the beach by onshore winds, and vegetation to catch sand and stabilize it. 海岸沙丘具有沙丘海岸带的自然特征，存在于大多的温带地区。它们存在于最活跃的地形之间，因风和风暴潮而改变。沙丘属于近海岸环境的一部分，随着季节和偶然的暴风雨而变化。它们作为沙库，在暴风雨时滋养海岸，因为风沙侵蚀使它离岸到沉积的沙丘上随后被潮汐再吹回海岸。沙丘的形成需要由陆风吹回海岸的沙源和能够截留并稳固沙子的植被。 Dunes are stressful environments characterized by blowing sand that abrades vegetation, salt spr