广东工业大学计算机学院操作系统英文课件Chapter10 Case Study 1：UNIX and LINUX.ppt

Case Study 1: UNIX and LINUX UNIX The layers of a UNIX system. UNIX Utility Programs A few of the more common UNIX utility programs required by POSIX UNIX Kernel Approximate structure of generic UNIX kernel Processes in UNIX Process creation in UNIX. POSIX The signals required by POSIX. System Calls for Process Management s is an error code pid is a process ID residual is the remaining time from the previous alarm POSIX Shell A highly simplified shell Threads in POSIX The principal POSIX thread calls. The ls Command Steps in executing the command ls type to the shell Flags for Linux clone Bits in the sharing_flags bitmap UNIX Scheduler The UNIX scheduler is based on a multilevel queue structure Booting UNIX The sequences of processes used to boot some systems Handling Memory Process As virtual address space Physical memory Process Bs virtual address space Sharing Files Two processes can share a mapped file. System Calls for Memory Management s is an error code b and addr are memory addresses len is a length prot controls protection flags are miscellaneous bits fd is a file descriptor offset is a file offset Paging in UNIX The core map in 4BSD. Paging in Linux (1) Linux uses three-level page tables Paging in Linux (2) Operation of the buddy algorithm. Networking Use of sockets for networking Terminal Management The main POSIX calls for managing the terminal UNIX I/O (1) Some of the fields of a typical cdevsw table UNIX I/O (2) The UNIX I/O system in BSD Streams An example of streams in System V The UNIX File System (1) Some important directories found in most UNIX systems The UNIX File System (2) Before linking. After linking. The UNIX File System (3) Separate file systems After mounting Locking Files (a) File with one lock (b) Addition of a second lock (c) A third lock System Calls for File Management s is an error code fd is a file descriptor position is a file offset The lstat System Call Fields returned by the lstat system call. System Calls for Directory Mana