瓷器化妆土工艺的产生与发展.pdfVIP

2018 1 年第 期 58 华夏考古 考古文物研究 瓷器化妆土工艺的产生与发展 * 秦大树 （北京大学考古文博学院，北京市  100871） 关键词：瓷器生产技术；化妆土；化妆白瓷；装饰技法；护胎釉 摘  要：在瓷器上使用化妆土，三国时期首先在南方出现，目的是为了改善器表的粗糙，后期成为改进青瓷釉色的 重要方法。而北方地区许多著名的窑场在最初生产白瓷时都采用了化妆土。晚唐到北宋初，始形成以定窑为代表的不施 化妆土的精细白瓷，以及以磁州窑为代表的化妆白瓷。二者发展了富有自身特点的装饰。化妆白瓷成为制作日用瓷的主 要方法，开创了一系列富有特色的装饰手法，特别强调了黑白反差，成为宋元时期瓷器中特点鲜明的装饰风格。明代以后， 精细白瓷基本都来自景德镇，北方窑址几乎全部生产化妆白瓷。宋代先后在北方和南方出现了在青瓷器的露胎部分施护 胎釉的工艺，护胎釉成为化妆土的一种新的发展形态。 Keywords ：Porcelain-producing Technology; Decorative Slip; Decorated White Ceramic; Decorative Technique; Porcelain-body Protective Glaze Abstract ：The use of decorative slip on the body of ceramic was first introduced in southern China during the Three Kingdoms Period.It was used for improving the coarseness of the surface of clay body and later became an important method for refining the glaze color of celadon. In northern China, a lot of famous kilns started to use decorative slip when they began to produce whitewares. It was during late Tang to the early Northern Song period that, refined white porcelain was made without applying decorative slip, as represented by Ding Kiln porcelain,along with slip-decorated white ware produced by the Cizhou Kiln, with both having their own unique decorations. The production of slip-decorated white porcelain became the main means of making stoneware articles of daily use, which started a series of distinct decorative techniques, especially the emphasis on the contrast between the black and white colors. This became a striking decorative style of Song to Yuan Period ceramic products. From the Ming Dynasty onwards, fine white porcelain products mostly came fro