组织文化与领导-EH Schein.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 15 ? Organizational Culture Leadership by Edgar H Schein Some are born great,some achieve greatness,and some have greatness thrust upon emShakespeare, Twelfth Night notes compiled by Ted Nellen ? Culture a phenomenon that surrounds us all. ? Culture helps us understand how it is created, embedded, developed, manipulated, managed, and changed. ? Culture defines leadership. ? Understand the culture to understand the organization. Defining Organizational Culture ? Culture is customs and rights. ? Good managers must work from a more anthropological model. ? Each org has its own way and an outsider brings his/her baggage as observer. ? Understand new environment and culture before change or observation can be made. Observe behavior: language, customs, traditions Groups norms: standards and values Espoused values: published, publicly announced values. Formal Philosophy: mission Rules of the Game: rules to all in org Climate: climate of group in interaction Embedded skills: Habits of thinking, acting, paradigms: Shared knowledge for socialization. Shared meanings of the group Metaphors or symbols: ? Culture: norms, values, behavior patterns, rituals, traditions. ? Culture implies structural stability and Patterning and integration. ? Culture is the accumulated shared learning from shared history. ? 2 problems all groups must deal with: 1. survival, growth, and adaptation in environment 2. internal integration that permits functioning and adapting. Culture Formally Defined A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way you perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems. ? The problem of socialization: teaching newcomers ? The problem of behavior: ? Can a large org have one culture? subcultures. Summary ? cultu