毕业论文 小型太阳能光伏发电控制器的蓄电池充电方法.docVIP

 毕业论文 小型太阳能光伏发电控制器的蓄电池充电方法  毕业论文 摘 要 随着能源短缺和环境污染问题的日益加重，人们迫切需要一种高效、廉价的可再生资源。太阳能因其取之不尽、用之不竭，清洁，安全等特点，一直受到人们的重视，但太阳能电池电能的低利用率使其应用较少。随着科学技术的发展，最大功率点跟踪 (Maximum Power Point Tracking，MPPT)在太阳能光伏发电系统中的应用，使太阳能光伏发电产生电能的利用率显著提高。 为了更好地利用太阳能电池转换的电能，有效地延长蓄电池的使用寿命。本文首先分析、总结了太阳能电池板的电压、电流输出特性和蓄电池的充电过程，研究确定了带有最大功率点跟踪的三阶段充电法。然后分析了常用的最大功率点跟踪算法和直流变换电路，提出了用于MPPT的改进型扰动观测法及改进型BUCK电路。该充电方法和电路可以快速准确地跟踪到最大功率点，并减少电路中的功率消耗。最后，对控制器进行嵌入式C编程，实现带有最大功率点跟踪的蓄电池充电控制方法，并进行了充电过程的实验验证。 实验表明，提出的控制方法能够较快地跟踪到最大功率点，显著提高电能的利用率；三阶段充电过程可以有效延长蓄电池使用寿命，增加系统的使用时间。本控制方案简单可行，系统稳定，性能良好。 关键词：小型光伏发电系统，光伏电池，最大功率点跟踪，蓄电池充电方法  Abstract With?the?energy shortages and environmental problems getting worse and?worse, people urge?to need an efficient, cheap renewable energy source. Solar, because of its inexhaustible, clean, security features, always gets attention from people. But the low usage ratio of PV cell power makes it little application. Along with the development of science and technology, the application of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm in photovoltaic generation systems, efficiently improves usage ratio of PV cell power. The purpose of this paper is making better use of the energy that solar cell generates and prolonging the service life of the battery. Firstly this paper analyses the PV cells characteristic and battery charging methods. The properties and methods decide the controller to choose the three-stage charging method with maximum power point tracking. Secondly, this paper gives the improved Perturbation and Observation Method and the improved BUCK circuit used in the controller, after the analysis of some common maximum power point tracking algorithms and DC-DC circuits. They make controller to track maximum power point fast and accurately, and reduce power loss in the charging circuit. Finally, we program the embedded controller with C to complete the charging method, and do experiment to test the method. Experiment shows that the controller possesses the three-s