粉末冶金粉体常见的制备方法及综述.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 12 粉末冶金粉体常见的制备方法及综述 Powder metallurgy powder common preparation and reviewed in this paper 摘要：粉末冶金是制取金属粉末或用金属粉末(或金属粉末与非金属粉末的混合物)作为原料，经过成形和烧结，制造金属材料、复合材料以及各种类型制品的工艺技术。粉末冶金的工艺发展已远远超过此范畴而日趋多样化，已成为解决新材料问题的钥匙，在新材料的发展中起着举足轻重的作用。本文介绍了粉末冶金粉体的制备方法，包括物理方法和化学方法，并从两大类别来细分出不同的制备方法。物理法包括粉碎法个构筑法，化学法包括溶液反应法（沉淀法）、水解法、气相法应法及喷雾法等，其中，溶液反应法（沉淀法）、气相法应法及喷雾法目前在工业上已大规模用来制备微米、亚微米及纳米材料。 Abstract: Powder metallurgy is making metal powder or with metal powder (or metal powder and nonmetal powder mixture) as raw material, through forming and sintering, manufacturing metal materials, composite materials and various types of products of the technology. Powder metallurgy process development has far more than the category and becoming more diverse, has become the key problems to solve new materials, in the development of new material plays a very important role. This paper introduces the preparation method of powder metallurgy powder, including physical method and chemical method, and from two large categories to segment a different method of preparation. Physical method including FenSuiFa a building method, chemical method including reaction method (precipitation) solution, hydrolysis method, gas phase method shall method and spray method, among them, the reaction method (precipitation) solution, gas phase method shall method and spray method at present in industry already mass used to prepare microns, and micron and nanometer materials. 关键词：粉末冶金；粉体；气相法；液相法；水解法 Keywords: powder metallurgy; Powder; The gas phase method; The liquid phase method; Hydrolysis method 前言 粉末冶金是制取金属粉末或用金属粉末(或金属粉末与非金属粉末的混合物)作为原料，经过成形和烧结，制造金属材料、复合材料以及各种类型制品的工艺技术。粉末冶金工艺的第一步是制取原料粉末，第二步是将原料粉末通过成形、烧结以及烧结后处理制得成品。典型的粉末冶金产品生产工艺路线如图11-1所示。粉末冶金的工艺发展已远远超过此范畴而日趋多样化，已成为解决新材料问题的钥匙，在新材料的发展中起着举足轻重的作用。 近些年来，粉末冶金有了突破性进展，一系列新技术、新工艺大量涌现，例如：快速冷凝雾化制粉技术、机械合金化制粉技术、超微粉或纳米粉制备技术、溶胶-凝胶技术、粉末注射成形、温压成形、粉末增塑挤压、热等静压、烧结／热等静压、场活化烧结、微波烧结、粉末轧制、流延成形、爆炸成形、粉末热锻、超塑性等温锻造、反应烧结、超固相线烧结、瞬时液相烧结、自蔓延高温合成、喷射沉积、计算机辅助激光快速成形技术等。这些新技术有的赋予原传统工艺步骤以新的内容和意义，有的把几个