美国专利侵权等同原则研究-法律专业毕业论文.docxVIP

[Abstract]：The [Abstract]：The doctrine of equivalents is a fundamental princiPle of commoll law which developed through determining infringement of patent in American courts．The decision of equivalents is hard work in determining infringement．It has been over 150 years since the doctrine of equivalents established in America，and there are plenty of cases，theories and articles on it．America adopted peripheral definition in patent system，and the scope of a patent is defined by the letter of claim in American．The doctrine was set forth under the circumstances that the benefit of patentee’S would been damaged if the court limited to the letter of claim absolutely．The first chapter of this thesis reviews four key cases in the history of the doctrine of equivalents，and introduces the viewpoint of the Supreme Court of the United States．The second chapter analyses four tests of equvilents，including all—element test， insubstantial difference test and SO on．The third chapter presents the disunity of applying estoppel firstly,then analyes the meanings and effect on pantent community of new rule which was established by the Supreme Court in Festo．The fourth chapter discuss new development of dedication by unclaim discloIsure which is set forth by the Court of Appeal for Federal Circuit．The fifith chapter recites the applying of the doctrine of equivalents in China． 【Key Words】：Doctrine of Equivalents，Procecution History Estoppel，Foreseeability,Flexible Bar,Unsubstantial Difference 4 引言等同原则是美国专利侵权判定的一项重要原则，最早的等同思想出现在1814 引言 等同原则是美国专利侵权判定的一项重要原则，最早的等同思想出现在1814 年美国最高法院大法官约瑟夫·斯托里(Joseph Story)在奥里奥恩诉温克来判 例中的意见中，他认为“微小的改进并不能勾销初始发明人的权利”。①1854年 美国最高法院在怀南斯诉登米德案中首次肯定了普通法中已存在的“等同原则”。 等同原则在美国发展到今天已经经历了150年。 2002年5月28日美国最高法院就Festo Corp．v．Shoket Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co．。案作出了全体一致。的决定，撤消了美国联邦巡回上诉法院回的决 定，将此案发回重审。这是美国最高法院继华纳(Warner—Jenkinson Co．，Ine．v． Hiiton Davis Chemical Co．)9一案后有关等同原则(The Doctrine Of Equivalence)作出的又一次重要判决。美国最高法院肯定了美国联邦巡回上诉 法院有关审查历史禁止反悔原则(Prosecution History Estopple)适用于