铝及铝合金表面激光熔覆制备铝钇合金涂层的研究-数字化材料成型专业毕业论文.docxVIP

华中科技大学硕士学位论文 华 中 科 技 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 I I 摘 要 铝及铝合金是工业中用量最大的有色金属，在航空、航天、汽车、铁路运输业 及动力机械等行业中得到了广泛应用。但由于硬度低，耐磨性较差，限制了其进一 步应用。激光熔覆是近二十年来发展起来的一种表面强化技术，它具有许多常规方 法无法比拟的优势，它可有效地提高铝及铝合金表面的硬度和耐磨性。 本文采用 CO2 激光器在铝及铝合金基体上涂覆了 Y 和 Y-Al 粉末涂层，采用预 置粉末涂层法将粉末涂覆于基体表面, 采用氩气保护激光熔池，加入一定量 CaF2、 LiF 和 MgF2 作为造渣剂，在一定的激光熔覆处理工艺参数下，可以获得均匀连续、 界面为冶金结合的致密涂层。涂层底部和中下部基相组织为胞状枝晶，中上部和顶 部为细小枝晶或等轴晶。 以稀土元素 Y 为熔覆材料的研究在国内目前不多。因为 Y 和 Al 的熔点相差很 多，在激光熔覆加工过程中 Y 元素过渡比较困难。本文计算了激光熔覆深度和激光 功率、光斑直径和涂层厚度的定量关系，探讨了在铝及铝合金 2034 表面熔覆铝钇 合金涂层的可行性，并利用 SEM、XRD、EDS、硬度实验、金相实验等方法研究了 制备的熔覆层的组织及性能，同时比较了纯铝及 2034 铝合金激光熔覆后的涂层的 组织和性能，结果表明，涂层硬度较纯铝提高了一倍多，但较 2034 要低，表明仅 依靠激光熔覆 Al-Y 涂层对提高铝合金 2034 的表面性能有一定的局限性 关键词：CO2 激光器; 激光熔覆; 铝合金; 硬度; 微观组织和性能 II II Abstract Al and its alloy have a wide scope of applications in the field of aerospace, auto industries, transportation and power machine and so on due to its low density, high specific strength , etc. But its surface properties such as poor corrosion resistance and wear resistance restrict its wider application in the modern industries. Laser cladding can improve the surface properties of aluminum alloy, which is a new technique has been developed for about twenty years. It has some unique advantages compared with the general material processes. Al-Y alloys coatings have been obtained by CO2 laser cladding in this paper. The first stage, we placed a layer of Y or Al+Y powers on base metal before laser irradiating, in process, Argon used as shielding gas and CaF2、LiF and MgF2 as slagging, both can protect the melting pool. The coatings have smooth and continuous surface, and get metallurgical bond to the substrate. In the bottom and near the base metal of the clad, the matrix grains are finely cellular or cell-dendrite. we get dendritic and equiaxial grains In middle and top of the clad zone. There is few research about the cladding materials like yttrium at home and abroad. The melting point of Y is much more the Al’s, so Y element transfer to the cladding zone is very difficult. In this pap