水力压裂裂缝控缝高技术应用分析本科毕业设计.DOC

西安石油大学本科毕业设计（论文） PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 52 水力压裂裂缝控缝高技术应用分析 摘 要:压裂裂缝高度的估计和确定目前已经成为压裂过程中最为关键的技术之一。因为裂缝高度在垂向上的过度延伸不仅仅会降低裂缝的长度和宽度甚至会导致多余水和气的产出。而裂缝的长度和宽度变小使得压裂后油井的产量递减快，增产有效期短，影响最终采收率，导致压裂效果不好。如果裂缝延伸进周围的水层或气层，会导致油井产出多余水和气，导致压裂失败。目前国内外有很多控制裂缝高度的技术在油田实施，取得了很好的效果。而出于经济上的考虑，压裂施工前估计裂缝高度并判断是否需要控制裂缝高度是非常重要的。 本文在研究国内外资料的情况下总结，分析了裂缝高度的主要影响因素，并对其中最为重要的三个因素（地应力，杨氏模量，界面滑动）进行了详细的分析和总结。在查阅国内外大量资料的情况下，尝试弄清楚各个因素对于裂高度影响的作用机理。在岩石力学性质理论相结合的基础上，我们得到以下的结论。其中，一般情况下地应力对于裂缝高度的影响最为明显。并且通过对地应力分布进行分析，可以直接预测裂缝高度。杨氏模量和界面滑动对于裂缝高度的影响次之。本文的主要目的是为了在压裂施工前采用一个简单的方法估计裂缝的大概高度，并根据地层情况判断是否需要控制裂缝高度。为施工人员提供一个参考。由于目前压裂施工控制裂缝高度可以通过建立三维裂缝延伸方程和模型，并采用相关软件来计算实现。所以本文对此没有做详细的探讨。 关键词：水力压裂；控缝高；岩石性质  Analysis of hydraulic fracture height control technology Abstrct : Fracture and determine the estimated height of fracturing process has become one of the most critical technologies. Because the height of the vertical cracks over extended not only reduce the length and width of ,but also lead to excess water and gas output. The length and width of cracks smaller makes the production of oil wells decline fast.after fracturing . If the crack extends into the surrounding water layer or gas layer,will lead to excess water, oil and gas production, leading to fracture failure. There are many cracks at home and abroad control the implementation of high technology in the field and achieved good results. A high degree of fracturing and crack the pre-construction estimates to determine whether the need to control fracture height is very important. Based on the study summed up the case of domestic and international data, analysis of the main factors affecting fracture height, the most important of the three factors (stress, Youngs modulus, interface sliding) carried out a detailed analysis and summary. Access to large amounts of data in the case of domestic, try and find out the various factors on the mechanism of high-impact fracture. According to the theory of mechanical properties of rock, we get the following conclusions. Str