基于霍尔传感器的电机转速测量系统设计---硬件设计.doc

PAGE PAGE I 基于霍尔传感器的 电机转速测量系统设计 —硬件设计 摘要 电动机作为机械化、电气化和自动化的原动机，广泛应用于国民经济建设、国防建设、科学技术研究和人民物质文明生活的各个领域。电机是生产过程中应用十分广泛的装置，对其转速进行准确测量就显得十分必要。 本文介绍了霍尔传感器测速的原理，设计了基于单片机AT89C51的直流电机转速测量系统。完成了电机转速测量系统的硬件电路设计、霍尔传感器测量电路的设计、显示电路的设计。测量转速的霍尔传感器和机轴同轴连接，机轴每转一周，产生一定量的脉冲个数，由霍尔器件电路部分输出幅度为12V的脉冲。经光电隔离器后成为输出幅度为5V转数计数器的计数脉冲。控制定时器计数时间，即可实现对电机转速的测量。在显示电路设计中，通过1602实现在LCD上直观地显示电机的转速值。并对电机转速测量系统的硬件电路、显示电路进行了调试。与软件配合，实现了显示、报警功能。仿真实验表明所设计的硬件电路及软件程序是正确的，满足设计要求。 关键词：电机转速测量； 霍尔传感器；单片机；89C51；LCD Design of Motor Speed Measurement System Based on Hall Sensor —Hardware Design Abstract Motors, as the original machine of mechanization, electrification and automation are widely and common used in the various areas of construction of national economy, national defense, science and technology research and materiality civilization. And it is very important in manufacturing, measuring its rotational speed becomes very essential and necessary. The principles of motor speed measurements with hall sensor was described in this article and DC motor speed measurement system which is based on AT89C51 was designed, and the corresponding hardware circuit designs was also completed accordingly. The hall sensor is connected with crankshaft by coaxial junction. Every revolution of the crankshaft will generate a certain amount of pulses whose amplitude is 12v. The opto-coupler turns these certain amount of pulses into 5-amplitude count impulse. The motor speed can be measured by controlling the time. In the design of display circuit, the number of motor speed is displayed in LCD directly through 1602. The motor speed measurement system and the hardware circuits, display circuit function are debugged to cooperate with the software to display and alarm users. The simulation results have proved that the hardware circuits design and software program is correct, and the system can meet the designing requirement completely. Key Words: Motor Speed Measurement; Hall Sensor; Microcomp