四川师范大学计算机科学学院C语言程序设计英文课件 lecture11.pptVIP

Lec11: File Processing 廖雪花 liaoxuehua@163.com TEL: 2008年5月 Objectives To be able to create, read, write and update files. To become familiar with sequential access file processing. To become familiar with random-access file processing. Contents Introduction The Data Hierarchy Files and Streams Creating a Sequential Access File Reading Data from a Sequential Access File Random Access Files Creating a Randomly Accessed File Writing Data Randomly to a Randomly Accessed File Reading Data Randomly from a Randomly Accessed File Case Study: A Transaction-Processing Program Introduction Data files Can be created, updated, and processed by C programs Are used for permanent storage of large amounts of data Storage of data in variables and arrays is only temporary The Data Hierarchy Data Hierarchy: Bit – smallest data item Value of 0 or 1 Byte – 8 bits Used to store a character Decimal digits, letters, and special symbols Field – group of characters conveying meaning Example: your name Record – group of related fields Represented by a struct or a class Example: In a payroll system, a record for a particular employee that contained his/her identification number, name, address, etc. The Data Hierarchy Data Hierarchy (continued): File – group of related records Example: payroll file Database – group of related files The Data Hierarchy The Data Hierarchy Data files Record key Identifies a record to facilitate the retrieval of specific records from a file Sequential file Records typically sorted by key Files and Streams C views each file as a sequence of bytes File ends with the end-of-file marker Or, file ends at a specified byte Stream created when a file is opened Provide communication channel between files and programs Opening a file returns a pointer to a FILE structure Example file pointers: stdin - standard input (keyboard) stdout - standard output (screen) stderr - standard error (screen) Files and Streams FILE structure File descriptor Index into operat