汕头大学医学院儿科学课件 Vitamin K Deficiency.pptVIP

汕头大学医学院第二附属医院 儿科教研室 Vitamin K Deficiency Postneonatal Vitamin K Deficiency Postneonatal Vitamin K Deficiency occurs after a month the baby born. Vitamin K deficiency in the newborn, which can be present for a variety of reasons, causes VKDB。 Causes: Vitamin K deficiency in the newborn, which can be present for a variety of reasons, causes VKDB。 1.Maternal medications that interfere with vitamin K stores or function, such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, barbiturates, some cephalosporins, rifampin, isoniazid, and warfarin, can result in VKDB in the infant. 2. In addition to breastfeeding, risk factors for late-onset VKDB include the following: Diarrhea、Hepatitis、Cystic fibrosis、Alpha1-antitrypin deficiency。 Clinical Manifestations Bleeding The most common sites of bleeding are the umbilicus, mucous membranes, GI tract, circumcision, and venipunctures. Intracranial bleeding can occur and is the main cause of mortality and long-term morbidity. Lab Studies: PT aPTT TCT fibrinogen levels platelet count Vitamin K direct assay Treatment vitamin K Fresh frozen plasma may be considered for moderate-to-severe bleeding. Complications: ICH Anaphylactoid reactions to IV vitamin K Hyperbilirubinemia Hemolytic anemia Prognosis: In the absence of ICH, the prognosis for VKDB in an otherwise healthy infant is excellent. Prognosis after ICH depends on the extent and location of the hemorrhage. Long-term sequelae of ICH may include motor and intellectual deficits. * * Causes: Clinical Manifestations