英语语言学-语言学知识点.pptx

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语言学知识点;;I 语言学导论 ;;1. design feature of language 语言定义特征 ;;;;;;3. Design feature 定义特征;;;Important Distinctions in Linguistics;;;2. 世界语言分类;2. 世界语言分类;; Important Distinctions in Linguistics ;Important Distinctions in Linguistics;Important Distinctions in Linguistics;;语言学分类-按研究内容分;语言学分类-按研究内容分;;语言学分类-按研究导向分;语言学分类-按研究内容分;语言学分类-按研究内容分;Chapter two;;;Phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced, transmitted, and perceived. ;语音学分类;; How speech sounds are made;;Position of the vocal folds(声带): voicing(浊音) and voiceless (清音);;;;;;;;;;Suprasegmental features (超音段特征);;; Morphology 形态学;形态学研究的基本单位 ;; Types of Morphemes;Types of Bound Morpheme ;;;;词的分类-按构词法分;;词的分类-按词义分;词的分类-按开放性分;词的分类-按在句子重要性分;; Syntax 句法;;;Syntactical category(句法范畴);Lexical Category 词法范畴 =Parts of Speech 词类;;;72;;;;;;;;Semantics;Ludwig Wittgenstein: ‘The meaning of a word is its use in the language’. Meaning is studied by making detailed analyses of the way words and sentences are used in specific contexts. Reference(指称): how language refers to the real physical world (语言指代外部物质世界) Sense(涵义): inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is abstract and the meaning dictionary compilers are interested in. (语言形式的内在意义) ;; ;Synonymy 同义;同义分类举例;Antonymy 反义;Gradable antonymy等级反义; Complementary antonymy互补反义; Converse antonymy反向反义 ; Hyponymy 上下义关系;; Animal bird fish insect animal human animal tiger lion elephant ...;Polysemy 一词多义;;;;Pragmatics 语用学 ;2. Speech Act Theory;Constatives(叙事句) vs. performatives(施为句) Constatives(叙事句): utterances which roughly serves to state a fact, report that something is the case, or describe what something is, eg: I go to the park every Sunday. I teach English. ;;Three Speech Acts (三种言语行为);三种话语行为-举例;103; Conversational Implicature(会话含义理论);The Cooperative Principle (CP,合作原则) ;The Cooperative Principle (CP,合作原则) ;;;;Macro-Linguistics 宏观语言学;;;;;;;;;119;;;;;;;;127;128;;语言学理论流派;;;;;;136;137;138;139;140;141;

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