论《白鲸》中的生态启示毕业论文.doc

PAGE 毕 业 论 文 论 文 题 目：论《白鲸》中的生态启示 唐 山 学 院 毕 业 论 文 PAGE PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT21 Ecological Enlightenment in Moby-Dick Student: Jiang Nana Supervisor: Ma Xiaoying Department of Foreign Languages Tangshan June, 2014 论《白鲸》中的生态启示 摘 要 赫尔曼·麦尔维尔是十九世纪美国最伟大的作家之一,被誉为“最伟大的海洋预言家和诗人”。他的作品以对环境的详细描写及人与自然关系的精辟探讨而著名,其中《白鲸》更是被毛姆列为当今世界最伟大的十部作品之一。在这部小说中,麦尔维尔将笔触从描绘自然的美丽和奥妙转向抨击工业革命和人类文明对大自然的伤害。通过这部作品,麦尔维尔意在告诫人类如果继续对自然施以暴行,那么人类最终将如捕鲸船“皮阔德”一样走向灭亡。 “生态批评”的概念出现于1978年,由鲁克尔特在他的文章《文学与生态学:一次生态批评实验》中首次提出。生态批评旨在用文学研究的方法,对文本进行解读,揭示生态危机的本源,唤醒人类的生态意识。 论文试图从生态批评的视角,探讨《白鲸》蕴含的生态启示,重申人与自然之间维持平衡关系的重要性。虽然《白鲸》这部作品讲述了一个悲剧故事,但它仍然给人类传递了希望,作为故事唯一幸存者的以实玛利给人类带来了含有希望之光的警示：人类应该重视人与自然关系的和谐,从现在起重建人与自然之间的平衡关系,这是人类生存和发展的必经之路。 关键词：白鲸；生态启示；生态批评理论 Ecological Implications in Moby-Dick Abstract Herman Melville is one of the greatest American writers in the 19th century, who has been called the greatest marine poet and prophet. His works are famous for the detailed description of the environment and incisive discussion on the relationship between man and nature. His work Moby-Dick is listed by Maugham as one of the ten greatest works in the world. In the novel, Melville not only depicted the natural beauty and mystery but also attacked the industrial revolution and human civilization’s exploitation on nature. Melville warned us if we human continued doing something evil to nature, we would be destroyed like Pequod. The concept of “ecocriticism” was first put forward in 1978 by William Rueckert in his article “Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism”. This article aims to interpret the text by the method of literature research to reveal the source of ecological crisis and awaken the ecological consciousness of human beings. This thesis aims to explore the ecological enlightenment in Moby-Dick from the perspective of ecocriticism. It reiterates the importance of the balance between human and nature, and also points out that although Moby-Dick tells us a tragic story, it s