跨文化交际time-orientation.pptVIP

11. In trying to solve problems, I find it stimulating to think about several different problems at the same time. 12. I am mildly irritated when someone in a meeting wants to bring up a personal topic that is unrelated to the purpose of the meeting. 13. In school, I prefer studying one subject to completion before going on to the next subject. 14. I’m hesitant to focus my attention on only one thing because I may miss something equally important. 15. I usually need to pay attention on only one task at a time to finish it. Scoring: For items 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, reverse your response (5=1), (4=2), (3=3),(2=4), (5=1), for example, if you response to item＃2 was 5, reverse it to 1. If you response to item # 3 was 4, reverse it to a 2. Once you have reversed your responses to those 6 items, sum the entire 15 items. Scores of approximately 30 and below indicate a monochronic orientation. Scores of approximately 42 and above indicate a polychronic orientation. Non-verbal Communication Time Orientation Communication process is an ongoing stream of events over a period of time. the value or importance the members of a culture place on the passage of time. the heartbeat of culture Past-oriented Cultures Previous experiences and events are most important. Primary emphasis on tradition and the wisdom from older generation show a great deal of deference and respect for parents and other elders Events are circular; important patterns perpetually recur in the present tried-and-true methods for overcoming obstacles and problems Present-oriented Cultures Current experiences are the most important. emphasis on spontaneity and immediacy and experiencing each moment Participation in events because of the immediate pleasure that activities provide instead of potential future gain belief in unseen and unknown outside forces such as fate or luck Philippines Central and South Americans F