U型管换热器E301设计_毕业设计.doc

辽宁石油化工大学继续教育学院毕业设计（论文） PAGE PAGE 2 毕业设计论文：U型管换热器E301设计 摘 要 使热量从热流体传递到冷流体的设备成为换热设备。它是化工、炼油、动力、食品、轻工、原子能、制药、机械及其他许多工业部门广泛使用的一种通用设备。在化工厂中，换热设备的投资约占总投资的10%—20%；在炼油厂中，约占总投资的35%—40%。 在工业生产中，换热设备的主要作用是使热量由温度较高的流体传递给温度较低的流体，使流体温度达到工艺要求规定的指标,以满足工艺过程上的需要。此外，换热设备也是回收余热、废热特别是低位热能的有效装置。 在本设计中，我所设计的是U型管换热器。U型管换热器的结构特点是，只有一块管板，管束由多根U型管组成，管的两端固定在同一块管板上，管子可以自由伸缩。当壳体与U形换热管有温差时，不会产生热应力。 此类换热器的特点是管束可以自由伸缩，不会因管壳之间的温差而产生热应力，热补偿性能好；管程为双管程，流程较长，流速较高，传热性能较好；承压能力强；管束可从壳体内抽出，便于检修和清洗，且结构简单，造价便宜。但管内清洗不便，管束中间部分的管子难以更换，又因最内层管子弯曲半径不能太小，在管板中心部分布管不紧凑，所以管子数不能太多，且管束中心部分存在间隙，使壳程流体易于短路而影响壳程换热。此外，为了弥补弯管后管壁的减薄，直管部分需用壁较厚的管子。这就影响了它的使用场合，仅宜用于管壳壁温相差较大，或壳程介质易结 关键词：换热设备，U型管换热器，结构特点 Abstract The equipment that transfer heat from hot liquid to the cool one is called heat exchanger.It is a general equipment that widely used in chemical industry,oil refining,motive power,atomic energy,pharmacy,mechanism and many other department of industry.In chemical industry,the investment of heat exchanger is 10% to 20% percent of total investment;In oil refining factory,the one is 35% to 40%. In the industrial producing,transfer heat from higher temperature liquid to the lower one is the main function of the heat exchanger,it make the temperature of liquid reached the stipulate target of technological process,so that to satisfy the requirement in technological process.In addition,the heat exchanger is effective install that can retrieve surplus heat and waste heat. The structure characteristics of U-tube heat exchanger is what there is only one tube plate,the tube bundle is make up of many U-tube,both ends of the tube are fixed on the same tube plate,the tube can stretch out and draw back freely.When there is a temperature difference between the shell and the U-tube,there would not be thermal stress. The structure of the U-tube heat exchanger is simple,the price is cheap and the ability of bearing pressure is strong,it is adapt to the temperature difference between tube wall and shell wall is relative larg