湄潭财政支农问题分析及对策研究-公共管理学专业毕业论文.docx

PAGE PAGE 1 中文摘要 我国农业和农村经济发展的经济环境和制度环境发生了深刻变化 ,必然要求 财政支农政策适时做出调整与转变。研究如何在变化了的经济环境和制度环境下 对财政支农政策做出调整和创新，以便为农业财政政策发挥更大的效用提出一些 参考。论文从财政支农的依据、发达国家财政支农状况、国内财政支农研究状况， 结合贵州湄潭县财政支农的现状，对财政支农进行了论述。按照公共财政理论的 要求，财政支农的领域应该是市场调节失灵、并具有广泛外部效应的领域。通过 对财政支农结构的合理界定，对现行财政支出结构内涵的剖析以及公共财政理论 框架下的财政支农结构的论述，指出现行财政支农结构存在的实际问题，并对此 问题进行探讨，寻求财政支农资金结构优化设计，提出财政支农效率的制度保障。 关键词: 财政支农 支出结构 对策措施 ABSTRACT Study on the financial expenditure strucutre of fund agriculture Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy，it is also the protection of social stability．The rural problems have constrained the development of economy and society, they should be solved urgently．The key of solving the issues of agriculture ,rural areas and peasants is the attention and support of our government . In addition to the means of policy support ,financial expenditure is more important. The government should speed up to establish a long-term mechanism of “promoting agriculture with industry, bringing along rural areas with urban areas”． So the problems that establishing mechanism that agricultural financial expenditure can grow steadily, allocating the financial funds for agriculture reasonably, improving the efficiency of the use of funds worth researching and thinking at present．It is important to improve the complementary measures，such as perfecting the laws about supporting agriculture，developing the system of investing and financing of agriculture，establishing the system of agricultural insurance，strengthening the education and training towards the rural residents． Key words: financial expenditure on agriculture， structure of the expenditure measures and recommendations 第一章 绪论 1.1 研究背景 国内背景： 农村改革近 30 年来取得了举世公认的巨大成就，农业综合生产能力增强，农民增收， 经济社会区域协调发展。但是，农业基础薄弱，粮食稳定增产和农民持续增收难度加大，仍 然是国民经济运行的主要矛盾，农村经济发展中的不确定性因素增多，农业的低速增长制约 了整个国民经济的增长。农村公共设施建设和公共供给严重滞后于经济发展水平。由于我国 农业的发展受到土地、资金、技术和市场等多重因素的制约，加上农业生产的比较利益低下， 减弱了农户对农业投资的兴趣和偏好。由此导致当前农业基础设施薄弱、生产经营规模小、 投入能力弱、技术水平低、农产品质量差、农民收入增长缓慢的不利局面，“三农”问题成 为亟待解决的重大现实问题。解决“三农”问题，既要在“三农”自身