重庆大学新闻学院新闻采访与写作英文课件 Chapter21.pptVIP

Chapter21Journalism Comes of Age Key Concepts and Terms 1.The nineteenth century was a time of enormous change in the lives of Americans.One element of that change was the speed at which they were able to communicate. Another was the development of photography,which opened up a visual world of communication that had never before existed. 2.Journalism changed its very nature during the nineteeth century.Newspapers went from being organs of opinion to organs of information,and their audiences expanded to include more Americans than ever. 3.Journalism of the nineteeth century is often defined by the personalities who dominated the field-people such as James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley and,later in the century,Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. 4.Penny press:inexpensive newspapers(which often sold for a penny)that first appeared in the 1830s and that appealed to a large audience with stories of crime,human interest,and sports. 5.Abolition:the term used for the movement to abolish slavery;the fight over abolition was the great political issue of the first part of the nineteenth century affecting everything in political life,including journalism. 6.By the middle of the century,magazines had found their form and audience. 7.Photography was invented in 1839,and although it would be many years before photographs could be easily mass produced,photography began to change the way journalism was practiced by the mid-1800s. 8.The Civil War,1861-1865,demonstrated profoudly the value of news to American news organization and to their audiences. The Penny Press The idea of a cheap newspaper,paid for at the time of purchase and not by subscription,was phenomenally successful and changed journalism profoundly in the 1830s,but it was no sure thing. The idea was that in a large city such as New York with a population that most newspapers had ignored,a newspaper could be sold on the streets for a penny. Newsboys sold enough copies of the paper each day to keep it goin