毕业论文:《高阶线性微分方程的积分因子解》.docVIP

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毕业论文:《高阶线性微分方程的积分因子解》.doc

数学系 信息与计算科学04-2班 熊南南高阶线性微分方程的积分因子解法 PAGE 10 PAGE 11 高阶线性微分方程的积分因子解 摘 要:本文首先讲述了微分方程的基础知识,介绍了一些低阶常微分方程的已知的常用解法,并由此引入了积分因子解法的概念,及在一阶线性微分方程求解中的简便性,接着讲述了二阶线性微分方程的几种常用解法,在考虑这几种解法局限性的同时,引入了积分因子解法对二阶变系数线性微分方程进行求解,并取得了很好的效果。在此基础上,我们把积分因子解法扩展高阶线性微分方程中去。我们希望找到合适 的,使其满足 , 则我们便可以得到阶线性微分方程的通解: 。 由此便希望将此种方法也应用到欧拉方程中,找到欧拉方程形如 的积分因子,使其满足 从而可得通解为 。 关键词:高阶线性微分方程,n阶常系数线性微分方程,欧拉方程,积分因子 Abstract: In this paper, at first we recount the foundational knowledge of the differential equation.We introduce some methods which are known by most of us to solve some low-order differential equations, and then led to the notion of integral factor method.It is convenient to use the integral factor to solve the first order linear differential equations.Then we related some common methods to explain the second-order linear differential equations.In the meantime, considering the limit of these several kinds of solution methods, we led to go into integral factor method to the second order variable coefficient linear differential equation, and obtain good result. On this foundation, we expand this method to the nth-order ordinary coefficient of linear differential equations.Suppose are integral factors of a n-th order differential equation, make them satisfy: we then get the general solution of the nth-order linear differential equation , which is Following that we hope expand this method to Euler’s equation, suppose are integral factors of n-th Euler’s equation, if they satisfy : then we get the general solution to the nth-order Euler’s equation , which is Keywords: Linear Equations of Higher Order,the nth-order Ordinary Coefficient of Linear Differential Equations, the nth-order Euler’s Equation ,Integral Factor 3 高阶线性微分方程的积分因子解法 我们已知一阶线性微分方程 有形如的积分因子,使得两边同时乘以后化为 , 再积分,即得通解 。 本章主要对二阶线性微分方程、三阶线性微分方程、阶常系数线性微分方程以及欧拉方程做了积分因子解法的讨论。 3.3 阶常系数线性微分方程的积分因子解法 我们先来看一个例子。 对于微分方程,将方程左端乘以,我们得到 , (3.28) 对(3.28)式两边积分,并整理,得 , (3.29) 将(3.29)式左端乘以,我们又得到

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