作物缺水检测仪的设计_毕业设计论文.doc

天津职业技术师范大学 Tianjin 毕 业 设 计 作物缺水检测仪的设计 Design of the Crop Water Stress Detector 摘 要 农业水资源利用效率低，短缺与浪费现象并存，是当前中国灌溉农业发展面临的主要问题，因此发展高效节水灌溉农业是我国农业持续发展的首要条件。基于作物生长的缺水信息来指导灌溉受到越来越多的重视，因为作物本身是是否需要灌溉的最佳指标。实时、准确的监测作物生长的水分状况是以作物本身为指标的灌溉系统的基础，所以对作物生长缺水信息的检测系统的研究具有重要意义。 作物冠层温度是由土壤—植物—大气连通体内的热量和水汽流决定的, 它反映了作物和大气之间的能量交换, 作物冠层温度与其能量的吸收和释放过程有关。近年来随着红外测温技术的快速发展, 冠层温度法正成为判别作物水分状况的重要手段之一,可快速测定较大范围的植物水分状况。因此, 利用作物冠层温度法探测作物的水分状况已日益被有关学者所关注, 冠气温差也成为诊断作物缺水状况的重要指标之一。 本文在研究国内外作物生长缺水信息的检测基础之上，提出了一种简单方便的基于冠层温度的作物缺水检测仪。该作物缺水检测仪首先通过非接触式红外测温方法测量作物冠层温度，然后计算得出作物缺水指标(CWSI)，从而反映出作物生长的缺水状况，指导灌溉。 本作物缺水检测仪以ATmega16L单片机为主控核心，配置TNR数字式红外温度传感器，SHT71温湿度传感器，用于测量作物的冠层温度与空气中的温湿度，通过冠气温差来计算作物缺水指标(CWSI),反映作物生长的缺水状况。 实际试验表明：该作物缺水检测仪具有结构简单、成本低、智能化等特点，可应用于作物的缺水检测、指导灌溉等方面。 关键词：缺水检测；冠层温度；红外测温；作物缺水指标(CWSI)；单片机； Abstract Developing efficient water-saving irrigation agriculture is the first and foremost condition for the sustainable development of national agriculture. The main problems that face the development of China irrigated agriculture are low utilization ratio of agricultural water resources and coexistence of shortage and waste at present. Because of the crop itself whether need to be irrigated is the best indicator. Crop canopy temperature is determined by the soil - plant - atmosphere connectivity of the body heat and water vapor flow, which reflects the energy exchange between the crop and atmospheric. With the rapid development of infrared temperature measurement technology in recent years, the canopy temperature method is becoming an important means of discrimination of crop water status, rapid determination of a wide range of plant water status. Therefore, the use of crop canopy temperature method to detect crop water status has been growing concern about scholars, canopy temperature - air temperature difference has also become one of the important indicators for diagnosis of crop water stress conditions. This paper designs a simple and convenient instrument of detection of crop water stress based on