From Teaching to Learning -A New Paradigm for Undergraduate Education 从教学到学习——本科教育的新范式.pdfVIP

Barr and Tagg, From Teaching to Learning From Teaching to Learning - A New Paradigm for Undergraduate Education By Robert B. Barr and John Tagg The article we are including originally appeared in the November/December 1995 edition of Change magazine. In the short time it has been out, it has created considerable discussion on educational list servs and has prompted numerous requests for reprints in newsletters. (Robert B Barr is director of institutional research and planning and John Tagg is associate professor of English at Palomar College, San Marcos California.) The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them. -Albert Einstein A paradigm shift is taking hold in American higher education. In its briefest form, the paradigm that has governed our colleges is this: A college is an institution that exists to provide instruction. Subtly but profoundly we are shifting to a new paradigm: A college is an institution that exists to produce learning. This shift changes everything. It is both needed and wanted. (See chart comparing two paradigms) We call the traditional, dominant paradigm the Instruction Paradigm. Under it, colleges have created complex structures to provide for the activity of teaching conceived primarily as delivering 50-minute lectures-the mission of a college is to deliver instruction. Now, however, we are beginning to recognize that our dominant paradigm mistakes a means for an end. It takes the means or method-called instruction or teaching-and makes it the colleges end or purpose. To