论墨西哥改革战争(1857—1861).pdfVIP

Abstract Abstract The Constitution of 1857, promulgated by the Liberals in Mexico on February 5th, was designed to strip the political and economic privileges which the Mexican churches and troops (the conservatives) had owned, and therefore aroused the war between the two parties. As a liberal leader, Juarez stuck to the Constitution and determined to change the society with the survivals of feudalism into a modern bourgeois one with rule of law. In spite of the blood-soaked battle he had gone through, he never swayed and gave up. This four-year war was divided into three stages—defensive stage, stalemated stage and counter-offensive stage. During the stalemated stage, Juarez issued the famous “Mexican Declaration of Social Reform of 1859”(hereafter called “The Reform Laws”). The Reform Laws announced the unconditional confiscation of church property to the state, deprived the church of the civil right of registering weddings and funerals, established the separation of church and state, which heavily weakened the political power of the church and changed the structure among domestic political forces. In the middle and later stage of this war, the major capitalist powers came to pay their attention to this war. The European powers chose to support the conservatives. The United States, as the greatest influencer on Mexico, stood on the side of the liberals for their own interest, which contributed to the triumph of the liberals. As a bourgeois revolution, the Reform War (or Mexican Civil War) cleared the way for the further progress of Mexica