教育部化学生物跟资讯人才培育衔接计画资料文档.pptVIP

教育部化學生物與資訊人才培育銜接計畫 蛋白質結構與功能之化學基礎 Part I Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins Protein Structure Protein Sequences The two stereoisomers of alinine, L- and D-alanine, are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other (enantiomers). Amino acids can be classified by R group Reversible formation of a disulfide bond by the oxidation of two molecules of cysteine. Disulfide bonds between Cys residues stabilize the structures of many proteins The additional carbons in an R group are commonly designated ?, ?, ?, ?, and so forth, proceeding out from the ? carbon, Peptides and Proteins The polymers of amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds. The protein is a polypeptide. Biologically active peptides and polypeptides occur in a vast range of sizes Oxytocin: nine amino acid residues, secreted by the posterior pituitary and stimulates uterine contractions. Glucagon: 29 residues, a pancreatic hormone, opposing the action of insulin. Lengths of proteins vary considerably Different proteins contain different amino acid compositions Some proteins contain chemical groups other than amino acids Levels of structure in proteins Column Chromatography 3. Ion-exchange  Chromatography SDS binds to most proteins in amount roughly proportional to the molecular weight of the protein. The bound SDS contributes a large net negative charge, rendering the intrinsic charge of the protein insignificant. The native conformation of a protein is altered when SDS is bound. After electrophoresis, the proteins are visualized by adding a dye such as Coomassie blue, which binds to proteins SDScan estimate the molecular weight of a protein Isoelectric focusing a technique used to determine the isoelectric point. A pH gradient is established by allowing a mixture of ampholytes to distribute themselves in an electric field generated across the gel. When a protein mixture is applied, each protein migrates until it reaches the pH that matches its pI. Isoelectr