第六次课3学时.DOC

第六次课（3学时） UNIT 4 A：The Frequency Response Methods: Bode Plots 背景知识：已知系统的频率特性A(ω) ejΦ（ω），将20lg A(ω)和Φ（ω）分别画出，并且横轴取对数坐标，则得到Bode图。Bode图包含了系统的全部动态特性，从稳定性、稳态误差到瞬态响应均在Bode图中得到反映。由于Bode图具有很清晰的物理意义，工程人员也喜欢利用其来分析和设计控制系统。有一点要注意的是，通常都是用开环传递函数的Bode图来分析闭环系统的特性。 New words: against prep 以┉为背景，以┉为对照 decibel n. 分贝 common logarithm 常对数 Bode plot 伯德图 minimum phase 最小相位 unit n. 单位 polar plot 极坐标图 interpret v. 解释、口译 slop n. 斜率 lag n. (相位)滞后 l ead n. (相位)超前 asymptote n. 渐进线 deviation n. 偏差 decade n. 十倍 abrupt a. 陡峭的、突然的 crossover frequency 穿越频率 gain margin 增益裕量 phase margin 相角裕量 product n. 乘积 解释（开头五段译文）： The frequency transfer function of a system or of itsfunction can be presented either by the single Nyquist diagram( a polar plot) or by plots of the amplitude ratio and the phase angle against the input(forcing) frequency. It is customary to plot the amplitude ratio in decibels and the phase angle in degree against the common logarithm of the input frequency. In this form, the two plots are known as Bode plots(after H.W.Bode). There are exact Bode plots, which are best prepared with a computer, and straight-line asymptotic plots, which can be quickly and easily sketched or plotted by hand using the techniques to be developed and discussed in this article. 系统的频率特性可以用Nyquist 图（极坐标图）或者用其幅值（比）和相角为因变量，输入信号的频率为自变量绘图。在绘图时通常幅值（比）用分贝表示，相角用度表示，输入信号的频率按常用对数取值。以上这两个图称为伯德图（以H. W. Bode命名）。可以用计算机绘出精确的伯德图。在本文中将讨论用手工绘制的技巧简单而快速地绘制直线渐进线图。 Bode plots of the system transfer function are used to determine the effects of various inputs (including a step) upon the steady-stat response of the system. Since the frequency response is a steady-state response, the system must be stable and its stability must be determined before the system Bode plots can be used. 系统传递函数的伯德图可以用于确定各种输入（包括阶跃输入）下系统的稳态响应。因为频率响应为稳态响应，所以系统必须是稳定且其稳定性必须在绘制伯德图之前确定。 Bode plots are most commonly used with the frequency function to examine the stability of a system. When the function has no po