热电导论第3章.pdfVIP

Chapter 3 Thermoelectric Properties of Metals and Semiconductors 3.1 Transport by Electrons Thermoelements are usually made from crystalline solids. They are not commonly single crystals, but their crystalline nature can be observed under a microscope. Sometimes, the transport properties vary with crystalline orientation but, until we deal with specific examples, we shall suppose that the properties are uniform in all directions. The transport of electric charge is due to quasi-free electrons in the solid. The solids of interest to us are metals and semiconductors. In