论我国刑事赔偿制度-法律·刑法学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 刑事赔偿又称刑事司法赔偿、冤狱赔偿，是保障人权，制约 司法权力的一项重要法律制度。实践证明，我国刑事赔偿制度在， 立法上存在着相当多的不足，可操作性差，比较突出的是归责原 则不明确、赔偿范围狭窄、刑事赔偿程序未能体现程序公正、对 刑事侦查行为是否具有行政可诉性的问题未予明确、在溯及力的 问题上没有体现应有的人道主义等问题。究其原因，一是因为受 到我国传统法律文化的影响，人们的权利意识和平等意识淡薄； 二是体制不健全，司法不独立，司法体制的落后导致了刑事赔偿 制度在设计上存在诸多不合理之处；三是经济不发达，国家赔付 能力有限，许多应当赔偿的情况没有纳入刑事赔偿范围。对此， 应当重点考虑在立法上从这样几个方面对我国刑事赔偿制度进行 修改：明确刑事赔偿的归责原则为无过错原则；扩大刑事赔偿的 范围，将轻罪重判、司法机关不作为造成公民合法权益受到损害 等情况纳入赔偿范围；完善刑事赔偿程序，重新设置赔偿委员会， 建立对确认程序的监督制约机制。对我国刑事赔偿制度适时进行 修改，符合世界刑事赔偿立法的潮流，符合我国国情，符合建设 社会主义法治国家的需要，对于保障人权，制约司法权力的滥用， 促进司法机关公正执法等方面都将起到十分重要的作用。 关键词：刑事赔偿岿责原则赔偿范围赔偿程序 AbstractDevised Abstract Devised as an important legal system to guarantee human rights and restrict judicial rights，criminal compensation is also called criminal judicial compensation or compensation for miscarriage of justice．As proved in practice，there are still many legislative defects with Chinese criminal compensation system．which include that principle of liability—bearing is unclear，scope of compensation is too nalTOW，procedure of criminal compensation fails to display procedural justness and the issue of retroactivity fails to show its inherent humanitarianism．Ⅵ，11at’S more， whether criminal investigation can be sued with administrative litigation isn’t clarified。 The reasons for the above-mentioned problems are：(1)with the influence of Chinese traditional law cul她re，people lack consciousness of right and equality；(2)judicatory system in China is not self-contained and jurisdiction／s not fully independence，which accordingly cause Chinese criminal compensation system unreasonable in many aspects；(3)due to underdeveloped economy and limited compensation capacity，scope of compensation fails to cover all those should be compensated．Therefore．it iS essential to attach much importance to legislatively modify Chinese criminal compensation system．On the one hand，principle of non-fault liability should be established as the principle of liability—bearing for criminal compensation and the scope of criminal compen