中外旅游标准化发展现状和趋势比较研究.doc

中外旅游标准化发展现状和趋势比较研究 张凌云/ 朱莉蓉 【专题名称】 旅游管理【专 题 号】F9【复印期号】2011年08期【原文出处】《 旅游学刊》(京)2011年5期第12～21页【英文标题】A Comparative Study on the Situation and Trend of Tourism Standardization Development between China and Foreign Countries【作者简介】张凌云(1960-)，男，上海人，教授，研究方向为旅游经济、旅游地理和旅游管理，E-mail:zhanglingyun1960@163.com；北京第二外国语学院旅游发展研究院，北京 100024????朱莉蓉(1981-)，女，湖北潜江人，2008级硕士生，E-mail:raju423@163.com。北京第二外国语学院旅游发展研究院，北京 100024 【内容提要】 从全球范围看，旅游标准化的中心在欧洲，其中尤以西班牙、法国、德国等国的旅游标准化研究最为突出。标准化范围集中在滑雪、潜水、水疗、接待服务、安全规范等领域，标准化重点集中在术语、服务规程等方面。与此相比，中国的旅游标准化体系构建较为完善，但在标准的认证、适用性和操作性上，尤其是旅游标准化工作以政府为主的制度安排，相关利益方参与较少，与西方的民间组织运作模式存在着较大的差异。一些标准无法发挥应有的作用，也不与国际同类标准接轨，缺乏增进国际相互交流与理解的功能，只是一种辅助性的政策与政府实施行业管理的工具。中国旅游标准化工作发展的主要方向应该是制度创新。Viewing from global scale, the center of tourism standardization is in Europe, with prominent studies in Spain, France and Germany. Standardization is mainly concentrated in such areas as skiing, surfing, spa, reception service and safety codes and its emphasis is laid on terms and service standard. Generally, a complete tourism standardization system has been established in China. However, the participation level of relative stakeholders is low in terms of the attestation of standard, applicability　and　operation　and　especially　the　institutional arrangement of tourism standardization work directed by the government. There exists greater difference between China and western countries in terms of operational mode directed by nongovernmental organizations.　Some standards are unable to play its due role and are not in line with similar international standards. They lack in the function to promote mutual exchange and understanding internationally and only become a supplementary policy or a tool via which the government implements industrial administration.　The major orientation of the development of tourism standardization work should be institutional innovation. 【关 键 词】 旅游/ 标准化/ 旅游标准化体系/ 国际旅游标准化tourism/ standardization/ tourism standardization system/ international tourism st