雅思阅读-何利用上义词和下义词快速解题_雅思阅读.docxVIP

智课网IELTS备考资料 雅思阅读:如何利用上义词和下义词快速解题_雅思阅读 众所周知，同义替换是雅思阅读必不可少的考查方式，派生词替换、同义词或同义词词组以及反义词的否定形式是大多数学员比较熟悉的，但上义词替换下义词却是很多同学的死穴。下面我们就一起跟着老师一起来分析一下上义词与下义词在雅思阅读中的应用。 上义词与下义词是一组相对概念，范围大的词汇为上义词，而其下属的具体例子为其下义词。比如说，学科subject和化学chemistry就是一对明显的上义词和下义词。上义词与下义词的概念弄明白后，咱们还要熟悉雅思阅读考查这类替换的方式，简而言之，就是‘题上文下’，也就是说上义词会出现在题干中替换原文中的下义词。其实，原因很简单，雅思阅读的命题人是根据原文中的具体信息来命题的，用范围较大的上义词subject来替换原文中更为具体的chemistry就顺理成章了。下面咱们就通过多组题目来见识一下上义词与下义词在雅思阅读各种题型中的应用。 首先，我们来看一道判断题，选自C5-P42-Q13 Bakelite was only available in a limited range of colours.本题定位原文最后一段难度不大，但很多同学把最后一段看了一遍又一遍，还是没有结果。大家也不妨试一下。原文如下: Baekelands invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrial expansion - the material of a thousand uses,. Being both non-porous and heat-resistant, Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and sterilisable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era. It then fell from favour again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed in vast quantities. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material. 实际上，此题就运用了上义词替换下义词这一伎俩。我们可以通过colours 定位到原文这样的信息‘ no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era’。也就是将colours替换了文中大部分学员比较熟悉browns。由于看出limit与restrict的替换难度并不大，那么此题与原文中no longer矛盾，选FALSE也就很轻松了。 其实，不仅仅是判断题，在填空题中的应用也让不少学员尝到很多苦头。我们再看一个例子，选自C6-P29-Q40 ........... produce is particularly expensive. 此题在原文中的定位难度也不大，很多学员都定位了如下的原文内容。