应用化学专业英语unit.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 34 PART TWO THE FUNDATIONS OF CHEMISTRY Unit10 Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons 碳氢化合物的命名 Alkanes烷烃 Ideally, every organic compound should have a name that clearly describes its structure and from which a structure formula can be drawn. structure formula结构式 理想的，每一种化合物都应该由一个明确描述它的结构的名称，并且通过这一名称能够画出它的结构式。 For this purpose, chemists throughout the world have accepted a set of rules established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry世界纯粹与应用化学会 为了这一目的，全世界的化学家接受了世界纯粹与应用化学会（IUPAC）建立的一系列规则。 This system is known as the IUPAC system, or alternatively, the Geneva system because the first meeting of the IUPAC were held in Geneva, 这个系统就是IUPAC系统，或称为日内瓦系统，因为IUPAC的第一次会议是在瑞士日内瓦召开的。 The IUPAC name of an alkane with an unbranched chain of carbon atoms consist of two parts: (1) a prefix that indicates the number of carbon atoms in chain; and (2) the ending –ane, to show that the compound is an alkane. unbranched chain不含支链的 不含支链的烷烃的IUPAC命名包括两部分（1）表明链中碳原子数目的前缀；（2）后缀－ane，表明化合物是烷烃。 Prefixes used to show the presence of from one to 20 carbon atoms are given in Table 10.1. 用于表示1至20个碳原子的前缀见表10.1 Table 10.1 prefix used in the IUPAC system to indicate one to 20 carbon atoms in a chain 表10.1 IUPAC系统使用的表示1至20个碳原子的前缀 Prefix number of carbon atoms 表示碳原子数目的前缀 Prefix number of carbon atoms Meth 1 Undec 11 Eth 2 Dodec 12 Prop 3 Tridec 13 But 4 Tetradec 14 Pent 5 Pentadec 15 Hex 6 Hexadec 16 Hept 7 Heptadec 17 Oct 8 Octadec 18 Non 9 Nonadec 19 dec 10 eicos 20 The first four prefixes listed in Table 10.1 were chosen by the IUPAC because they were well established in the language of organic chemistry. 表10.1中前4个前缀是由IUPAC选择的，因为它们早已在有机化学中确定了。 In fact, they were established even before there were hints of the structural theory underlying the discipline, for example, the prefix but- appears in the name butyric acid, a compound of four carbon atoms present in butter fat (Latin butyrum: butter). butyric acid丁酸 butter fat白