论惩罚性赔偿-民商法学专业论文.docxVIP

内容提要惩罚性赔偿是补偿性赔偿之外的赔偿金，早期主要存在于英美法系国家，它具有补偿 内容提要 惩罚性赔偿是补偿性赔偿之外的赔偿金，早期主要存在于英美法系国家，它具有补偿 受害人损失、惩罚和遏制不法行为等多重功能。该制度与大陆法系所崇尚的实际损失赔偿 原则相比具有较大差异，其主要目的并不是为补偿受害者的损失，而是惩罚加害者，旨在 通过惩罚以阻止和威慑此类行为的再次发生。不过惩罚性赔偿所带来的负面影响也不容忽 视，惩罚性赔偿与私法的一些理论相冲突，并可能会对经济产生不利影响，同时其在操作 上也存在难度，这也使得其成为最具争议的法律制度之一。我国正处于社会转型期，各种 社会矛盾较为突出，在样的条件下，有必要结合我国的国情考虑适用惩罚性赔偿制度。此 外，随着我国起草民法典的深入，惩罚性赔偿制度逐渐受到重视，适当地扩大惩罚性赔偿 的适用范围，使其较多地适用于侵权责任，并在部分合同责任中予以适用。以侵权行为人 或违约方的“恶意”或“故意”乃至“重大过失”作为适用的基本条件，则能补充当前损 害赔偿制度的一些漏洞，全面保护受损害方的合法权益。本文通过对惩罚性赔偿的概念、 功能、历史发展及其合理性争议等的阐述，对我国惩罚性赔偿制度提出部分立法建议。 关键词：惩罚性赔偿、补偿性赔偿、侵权责任、合同责任 AbstractPunitive Abstract Punitive damage originated from the common law,parallel to compensatory damage．It serves multiple purposes，including compensation for losses suffered by an injured party and punishing and preventing illegal acts．Comparison with compensatory damage which civil law countries pursue，punitive damage is distinctive．The main aim of this system is to punish the actoL not tO compensate the losses．Punitive Damages have three functions including：deterrence，punishment and compensation．But Compensatory Damages only has the function of compensation．The negmive effect of punitive damage should be given attention．This system has some conflicts with the theory of private law,and there are some difficulties during its implication．In fact， punitive damage is the most controversial system over the world．Our society is going through the period of transformation，the conflictions in our society are intense．We should applied Punitive Damages within the specific limits．Along with our country civil code drafting，many people began to pay close attention to this system．We should apply punitive damage in tort liability and in contract liability,and the scope of punitive damage can be enlarged．In torts，if a man beats another man but his act is not serious enough tO constitute a crime punitive damages should be awarded．In the sphere ofcontract liability,it is mainly applied in cases as specified in Article 49 of the Consumer Prot