机械专业英语教案3.pptVIP

单词复习： Lubricationwearweldviscosity Frictioncontaminantcorrosion Dampensealingasperity 边界润滑绝缘体黄油      上一课回顾 Lesson 3 Machine Tool Frames机床床身 重点词汇： frame/bed impact/yield/hostile/dense volume fabricate impractical/practical dramatically mass/granite/diffuse Paragraph 1 The frame is a machines fundamental element. Most frames are made from cast iron, welded steel(可焊接的结构钢), composite, or concrete. The following factors govern(决定) material choice. 机身是机器的基础部件。大多数机身是铸铁（cast iron）、焊接结构钢、复合材料、混凝土（concrete）材料制作而成。材料选择由下列因素来决定。 Paragraph 2:  The material must resist deformation and fracture. Hardness must be balanced against elasticity(必须解决硬度合弹性之间的矛盾). The frame must withstand impact, yet yield(产生) under load without cracking(裂纹) or permanently deforming(永久性变形). 材料必须能够抵抗变形和断裂。硬度必须与其弹性相平衡。机身必须能承受冲击且在载荷作用下不能裂缝和永久性变形。 The frame material must eliminate or block vibration transmission to reduce oscillations(震荡) that degrade accuracy and tool life(降低精度和刀具寿命). It must withstand the hostile(恶劣的) shop-floor environment, including the newer coolants(冷却液) and lubricants(润滑剂). 机身材料具有消除或阻止振动（oscillation）传递的性能。以减轻降低精度和刀具寿命的振荡。它必须面对不利的车间环境，包括冷却液和润滑剂。 Material expansion must be understood (in order) to minimize forces needed to move slides. The material must not build up(聚集) too much heat, must retain its shape for its lifetime, and must be dense enough to distribute forces throughout the machine. 材料的膨胀不能妨碍滑动部件的运动。在正常工作期间材料不能产生太多的热量，应能保护其形状，且具有足够大的密度以支承机床的其它部件。 Pros and Cons 优缺点 Paragraph 3: Either castings or welded sections(焊接结构) can be used in most applications. The decision on which is best depends on the costs in a given(一定的) design situation. 铸件和焊接件应用都很广泛，哪种形式最好由给定条件下的成本来决定。 Paragraph 4: Cast iron. Almost all machine tool frames were traditionally made of cast iron because features difficult to obtain any other way can be cast in. Castings have a good stiffness-to-weight ratio and good damping qualities. Modifying wall thickness and putting the metal where its