深圳英语八年级下unit-1知识点及练习.docVIP

Unit 1 Helping those in need 知识点和语法 必记单词 （1）raise V. rise （2）permission n. （3）disabled adj. 在英语中，形容词的否定前缀有：“un-, in-, im-, ir-, dis-”等 大多数形容词加un- 构成反义词 able----unable friendly----unfriendly 以c或e开头的形容词通常加前缀in-构成反义词 correct----incorrect expensive----inexpensive 以p开头的形容词通常加前缀im-构成反义词 possible----impossible polite----impolite 以r开头的形容词通常加前缀ir-构成反义词 regular----irregular 有些形容词加前缀dis-构成反义词 like----dislike honest----dishonest （4）offer v. （5）serious adj. 严重的 （6）organize v. ____________________ n. （7）lonely adj. 孤独的，寂寞党 alone adj. / adv. 单独的，独自 （8）difficulty n. 困难，费劲 _____________adj. （9）hurt v.使受伤，疼痛 adj. 受伤的 （10）pay v. 付费 常考短语 in need 需要帮助的 voluntary work 义务性工作 ask permission 报请批准 without permission 没有允许 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事 offer sb. sth=offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物 raise one’s spirits 使振奋，使鼓起勇气 in order to 目的在于，为了 so that 为的是，以便 make friends with 与······交朋友 look after 照顾 because of 因为 经典句型 Could you give me a hand, Lo? They have difficulty walking or moving. Would you like to take part in the competition? 语法：动词不定式?： to?+?动词原形? ??动词不定式的基本形式是to?+?动词原形。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to?read?the?newspaper,?to?speak?at?the?meeting?等? ?? 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语： ??例句:??? 作主语:? To?learn?a?foreign?language?is?not?easy. 作表语：My work is to clean the room every day. 作宾语:? She?wanted?to?borrowed?my?radio.?They?began?to?read?and?write.????? 作状语:? She?went?to?see?her?grandma?last?Sunday.? He?came?to?give?us?a?talk?yesterday.? 作宾语补足语: ? Lucy?asked?him?to?turn?off?the?radio.? She?asked?me?to?speak?more?loudly?Jim?told?Ling?Feng?to?go?home?at?once?.? The?father?made?his?son?study?hard.? 作定语: ?Have?you?got?anything?to?say??I?had?something?to?eat?this?morning?.? 注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。 例如：??It?is?not?easy?to?lea