初中语法-动词不定式和动名词.docVIP

动词不定式:“不定式符号to+动词原形” 一、用作主语 (??? ) 1. Is ______ easy to finish the design before National Day?? A. this?????? B. that??????? C. it????????? D. he(??? ) 2. It ______ forty-five minutes ______ there by bus. ? A. cost; to get?? B. takes; getting?? C. takes; to get?? D. takes; to get to 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： ???? (1)把不定式置于句首。如： ??? To get there by bike will take us half an hour. ???? (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。 It＋be＋名词＋to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb+some time+to do ???? How long did it take you to finish the work? It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do ?It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour. It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do ???? It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. 注意：不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。前面如果是名词用for。 二、用作表语 ( )The first thing is the teacher. A.greet B.greeting C.to greet D.to greeting ( ) This house is in . A.living B.to live C.live D.to living 动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如： The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. 三、用作宾语 1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有： 要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)， 期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)， 宁可计划知道(prefer, plan, know)， 希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如： 1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice. 3)Id love to visit Mexico. 2. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，如：...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如： ( )I find it difficult everything. A.to remember B.remember C.remembering ??We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. 四、用作定语 (??? )1.I’m hungry. Get me something ____. A eat B to eat C