计算机图形学8.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Geometrical Transformations 1.Vector(矢量） 2.Matrix（矩阵） （1）两个矢量之和： 矩阵(matrix) Cont. definition： Cont. Cont. Cont. 矩阵数乘 Cont. Cont. 矩阵转置 Cont. 矩阵行列式 非奇异矩阵 逆矩阵：非奇异矩阵具有逆矩阵 齐次坐标(homogeneous coordinate) 若把n维空间坐标叫做普通坐标,则相应的n+1维空间坐标叫做齐次坐标. 齐次坐标(homogeneous coordinate) Cont. Representation of  2D transformations 3D space 右手直角坐标系 Algebraic representation of 3D transformations Matrix representation Introduce homogeneous coordinate 变换的两种实现方法: (1)坐标系不变,图形变换; 4.1 2D transformations Translate(平移) transformations Rotate(旋转) transformations Scale(缩放) transformations Reflect(反射) transformations Shear(错切) transformations Composition(复合) of 2D transformations 在二维坐标系中,将点P(x,y)在x、y轴方向分别平移tx、ty，得到点P’(x’,y’)，则P点与P’点的坐标关系为： Cont. 用齐次坐标表示平移变换过程： Cont. Translating an object: translate is an rigid-body transformation Translating every point of the object Translating the key-point of the object and re-defining the object Converse transformation: Cont. Rotating an object（图元的旋转变换） 旋转变换是刚体变换 Rotating every point of object through the same angle Be rigid-body transformations: rotating the key-point and re-defining the object Cont. Scaling an object Polygon（多边形） Scaling the vertexes and then re-defining the polygon circle圆（中心对称图形） Scaling the radius Primitives defined by some parameters（给定定义参数的图形） Scaling the parameters and re-defining the primitives Shear transformations 错切变换：保持图形上各点的某一坐标值不变，而另一坐标值关于该坐标值呈线性变化。 坐标保持不变的坐标轴称为倚赖轴，其它坐标轴称为方向轴。 (1)以y轴为依赖轴的错切变换(沿x方向的错切） 即y不变，x的值随y的值而线性变化 Cont. Two kinds: Shear along x axis Shear along y axis General representation of shear: 变换合成 根据矩阵运算的性质，可推出二维基本变换的如下性质： 平移变换和旋转变换具有可加性 缩放变换具有可乘性 Rotate transformation about arbitrary point Cont. Scaling about arbitrary point Reference point: , fix up point before and after scaling Cont. Exercises Exercise 4.1 Prove that we can transform a line by transforming its endpoints and then constructing a new line between the transformed endpoints. 通过变换后的两个