头颈部癌症治疗趋势.pptVIP

CEC in vascular disorders Vox Sanguinis (2005)88, 1–9 Light microscopy: cell differentiated, depth of invasion,…. Molecular biology: 1.percentage of aneuploidy 越少,預後越差 建議手術 2.Proliferation 3.EGFR 4.VEGF(vascular endothelial growth factor) ….. Tumor cell? IL-6 ?Macrophage ?TNF-α ? (endothelial cell) ? TGF-β ? (Tumor cell) ? PDGF-BB ? endothelial cell Induction of apoptosis in endothelial cell will trigger a second wave on endothelial and tumor cell. Tumor cell activated by TGF -α(a kind of EGF epidermal growth factor), endothelial cell activated by EGFR. Tumor cell growth? Angiogenesis? Detachment and invasion of basement membrane ? Attachment and direct invasion ? massive growth Tumor necrosis factor The most abundant cellular sources of TNFa are macrophage and monocyte. In response to inflammatory stimulation, macrophage or monocyte secretes TNFa that can induce apoptotic or necrotic cell death of certain tumor cell lines. Transforming growth factor - β TGF-b regulates growth and proliferation of cells, blocking the growth of many different cell types. Binding of transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) to its cell surface receptor Type II leads to the phosphorylation of the Type I receptor by Type II. 移轉型生長因子-beta(TGF-b) 的分子可以停止細胞增長，但是又可以在其他階段促進細胞生長。 Vanderbilt-Ingram癌症中心的主任Hal Moses博士和他的實驗室研究人員，於1985 年辨識出TGF-b，這種物質具有生長刺激物和生長抑制的作用。從那段時間之後，TGF-b在直腸、乳房和其他癌症中所扮演的角色便獲得研究人員的廣泛研究。 TGF-b 通常會抑制細胞生長，但是，很多實質性腫瘤會過度表現 TGF-b ，而使細胞不完全被抑制–事實上，有時候它們因為TGF-b的訊息使腫瘤細胞的生長比正常細胞更快。 Transforming growth factor - α TGF-alpha is a member of the EGF family of cytokines. Membrane-bound pro-TGF-alpha is biologically active and seems to play a role in mediation of cell-cell adhesion and in juxtacrine stimulation of adjacent cells. Expression of TGF-alpha is widespread in tumors and transformed cells. Platelet-derived growth factor PDGF是一種多生類(polypeptide)生長因子，它會和目標細胞表面的專一受器作用，而引發一連串生化反應；它由兩條多太鏈組成，A鏈和A鏈組成PDGF-AA；B鏈和B鏈組成PDGF-BB。其主要來源於血小板，也曾有學者從骨質中粹取出來，其他像是傷口處的巨噬細胞，附近的血管壁平滑細胞及內皮細胞等也會分泌PDGF。 Tu