简单句及句子成分.docVIP

简单句(Simple sentence)及句子成分(Members of the sentence) （一）简单句 一、定义：由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。 eg. He [often] goes [to school][by bike]. He gave me a dictionary [yesterday]. He has finished the work [already]. He [always] makes me happy. He is doing (his) homework. He did a (good) job. He is a student. 注： 表主语, 表谓语, 表宾语, ( )表定语, [ ]表状语, 表补语, 表表语。 二、简单句的五种基本句型： 1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + Vi] eg. The children are playing [happily]. 孩子们正在高兴地玩。 (Such) things [often] happen. 这种事情经常发生。 (The new) term begins [in September]. 新学年从九月份开始。 注：不及物动词后不带宾语，若其后需带宾语，须搭配一介词to/at/on/for等。 eg. He arrived in Beijing [yesterday]. He was listening to the music. 2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+Vt+O] eg. The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜欢住在中国。 I missed the train. 我错过了火车。 注：及物动词其后一般必须带宾语。常用跟单宾语的动词有：enjoy, forget, remember, guess, love, hate, supply, use 等3. 主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P]  该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有：be(是), get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎), keep(保持),stay(保持) 等。如： He became a (famous) doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。 The apple pie tastes [really] delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。 Trees turn green [in spring]. 树在春天变绿。 4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（双宾语） [S+V+InO+DO]  这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语(即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语)。也可以把间接宾 语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to等。如：  My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer [for me]. I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt [to him]. 我把盐递给他。 注：直接宾语是指给谁的或为谁的；而间接宾语是指接受的对象或行为施予的对象。常见的跟双宾语的动词有：bring, give, hand, pass, pay, return, sell, show, teach等。 5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（复合宾语） [S+V+O+OC] eg. We must keep (our) school clean. 我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。（形容词作宾补） We found it difficult to learn English well. 我们发现学好英语很难。（形容词作宾补） I want you to do the work [at once]. 我想让你马上去做这项工作。（不定式短语作宾补） I made him water the flowers. 我让他去浇花。（省的不定式作宾语补足语） 注: 常跟宾语补足语且省去to的动词有 let, make, notice, listen to, hear, look at, see, watch, have, feel等。另外，notice, listen to, hear, look at, see, watch, fe