土木工程专业英语带译文课件.pptVIP

。 Second, when the cement paste within the concrete hardens this conforms to the surface details of the steel, permitting any stress to be transmitted efficiently between the different materials. Usually steel bars are roughened or corrugated to further improve the bond or cohesion between the concrete and steel. 其次，当混凝土内的水泥浆硬化时，钢筋表面的构造，可以在不同材料之间有效地传递任何应力。 钢筋通常是粗糙的或波纹状的，以进一步改善混凝土和钢之间的粘结或内聚力。 Chapter 6 。 。 Third, the alkaline（碱性的）chemical environment provided by the alkali reserve (KOH, NaOH) and the portlandite (calcium hydroxide) contained in the hardened cement paste causes a passivating film to form on the surface of the steel, making it much more resistant to corrosion than it would be in neutral or acidic conditions。 第三，硬化水泥浆中含有的碱性物质（KOH，NaOH）和氢氧化钙（氢氧化钙）提供的碱性（碱性的）化学环境会在钢的表面形成钝化膜，比在中性或酸性条件下更耐腐蚀 Chapter 6 . When the cement paste exposed to the air and meteoric water reacts with the atmospheric CO2, portlandite and the Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) （水化硅酸钙）of the hardened cement paste become progressively carbonated and the high pH gradually decreases from 13.5 – 12.5 to 8.5, the pH of water in equilibrium with calcite (calcium carbonate) and the steel is no longer passivated. 当暴露于大气中的水泥浆与大气中的二氧化碳发生反应时，硬化水泥浆体的硅酸钙水化硅酸钙（CSH）逐渐碳化，高pH值从13.5? 12.5至8.5，与方解石（碳酸钙）的水的pH平衡并且钢也不再钝化。 。 。 As a rule of thumb, only to give an idea on orders of magnitude, steel is protected at pH above ~11 but starts to corrode below ~10 depending on steel characteristics and local physico-chemical conditions when concrete becomes carbonated. Carbonation of concrete along with chloride ingress are among the chief reasons for the failure of reinforcement bars in concrete. 作为一个经验法则，只有在数量级上给出一个说法，钢在pH值高于?11时受到保护，但在混凝土碳化时取决于钢的特性和局部物理化学条件而开始腐蚀到10以下。 混凝土碳化和氯化物侵入是混凝土中是钢筋破坏的主要原因。 Chapter 6 The relative cross-sectional area of steel required for typical reinforced concrete is usually quite small and varies from 1% for most beams and slabs to 6% for some columns. Reinforcing bars are normally round in cros