分子生物学在污染土壤修复中应用.ppt

主要内容 生物修复 转基因植物在环境修复中的应用 转基因植物 转基因植物修复重金属 转基因植物修复有机污染物 基因工程菌在环境修复中的应用 基因工程菌 基因工程菌修复重金属 基因工程菌修复有机污染物 研究展望 二、转基因植物在环境修复中的应用 转基因植物 转基因植物修复重金属 转基因植物修复有机污染物 （一）转基因植物 转基因植物(Transgene plant)是拥有来自其他物种基因的植物。该基因变化过程可以来自不同物种之间的杂交，但今天该名词更多的特指那些在实验室里通过重组DNA技术人工插入其他物种基因以创造出拥有新特性的植物。 红箭头代表当前基因工程调控的位点。 (a) to enhance mobilization by secretion of organic acids, (b) to increase uptake by overexpression or deregulation of transporters, (c) to stimulate uptake into the root and translocation via the xylem by overproduction of intracellular chelators (d) to increase the strength of metal sinks in the leaves by over-expression of storage and detoxification mechanisms Key enzymes involved in citrate metabolism. Alterations in the activity of enzymes related to citrate biosynthesis (CS, PEPC, MDH) or degradation (AC, NAD-ICDH, NADP-ICDH) might lead to accumulation of citrate in the cytoplasm. Abbreviations: AC, aconitase; CS, citrate synthase; FUM, fumurase, ICDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; ICL, isocitrate lyase; MDH, malate dehydrogenase; MS, malate synthase; OGDH, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase; PEPC, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; SAT, succinate thiokinase; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase. Properties of transgenic plants overproducing metal transporters. 案例4：A Mutant Strain Arabidopsis thaliana that Lacks Vacuolar Membrane Zinc Transporter MTP1 Revealed the Latent Tolerance to Excessive Zinc （3)GSH (4)有机酸 Uptake and distribution of various aluminium (Al) forms in the Al-accumulating plant, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). Aluminium enters the root by an unknown mechanism, probably as Al3+. Once it crosses the plasma membrane, the Al3+ is chelated with oxalate to form a 1:3 Al-oxalate complex. When Al is translocated from the roots to the shoots, a ligand-exchange reaction occurs in the xylem to form Al-citrate. Once unloaded from the xylem to leaf cells, another ligandexchange reaction occurs to reform the Al-oxalate complex, which is then stored in the vacuole. Abbreviations: Cit, ci