蛋白质降解与氨基酸的代谢能力.ppt

氨基酸的生理作用 Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins (precursors for proteins) (物质代谢) Precursors for many other biological N-containing compounds Energy metabolites (17.9KJ/g Pr)：When degraded, amino acids produce glucose/carbohydrates and ketone bodies （能量代谢） Excess dietary AAs are neither stored nor excreted. Rather, they are converted to common metabolic intermediates In normal human adults, close to 90% of the energy requirements is met by oxidation of the carbohydrates and fats; the remainder comes from oxidation of the carbon skeleton of amino acids the primary physiological purpose of amino acids is to serve as the building blocks for protein biosynthesis (营养作用) Detoxification of drugs, chemicals and metabolic by-products Involved as direct neurotransmitters or as precursors of neurotransmitters, eg. （信息分子） - Tyrosine gives DOPA and dopamine - Precursors to peptide hormones and thyroid hormone - Precursors to histamine (histidine), NAD (tryptophan) and other compounds(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT; glutamylcysteinylglycine) of biological importance Zero or total nitrogen balance: the intake = the excretion (adult) Amount of nitrogen intake is equal to the amount of nitrogen excreted is zero or total nitrogen balance Positive nitrogen balance: the intake the excretion during pregnancy, infancy, childhood and recovery from severe illness or surgery Negative nitrogen balance: the intake the excretion following severe trauma(创伤), surgery or infections. Prolonged periods of negative balance are dangerous and fatal if the loss of body protein reaches about one-third of the total body protein The requirements The requirements of protein for the health: the minimal requirement of protein is 30~50 gram for the adult Advice: 80 gram/day (中国营养学会推荐) Classification of amino acids non-essential amino acids Essential amino acids non-essential