ExtraoralRadiography外照相技术分析.ppt

Arthrography Radiopaque contrast agent injected into joint 2. Articular disk outlined 3. X-ray procedure (fluoroscopy, tomography) TMJ Imaging MRI No Yes Arthrography Yes Yes CT Yes Yes Tomography Yes No Transcranial Yes No Panoramic Yes No X-ray Disk Sialography X-ray procedure 2. Radiopaque contrast agent 3. Images salivary glands and ducts Scintigraphy (Radionuclide Scan) Radioactive pharmaceutical agent 2. Tissue specificity 3. Gamma rays emitted 4. Gamma camera image Ultrasound High-frequency ultrasonic vibrations 2. Echoes at tissue density differences 3. Varying echo intensities image NO IONIZING RADIATION Ultrasound echoes Cone Beam CT Cone-shaped x-ray beam 360-degree rotation around head Scan time around 20 seconds 2D or 3D images Patient exposure = ? AFM $170K-300K; $30K yearly upkeep Cone Beam CT flat-panel detector tubehead 0 0 0 Reverse Townes Image fractures of the condylar neck head tipped down mouth open extraoral x-ray unit floor MSP CR FP Caldwell Identify trauma, especially to area of orbit extraoral x-ray unit floor (Orbit view) tip of nose and chin even with cassette MSP CR FP Tomography (Laminography) Used to image TMJ X-ray procedure Images layer or slice Objects outside slice are blurred Linear Tomography Corrected Tomography Linear Articular eminence Condyle Glenoid Fossa Linear Multi-directional Transcranial Panoramic Film (special computer positioning) Computed Tomography X-ray procedure 2. Section or slice imaged 360-degree rotation of x-rays/ detectors Radiation /detector/computer/ image (CT) Computed Tomography x-ray source 360° rotation detectors Computed Tomography Fan beam x-ray tube collimator detectors Able to image soft tissue without contrast agents Ma