物理有机化学-复旦大学-王全瑞4catalystbyacidandbase.pptVIP

* Sc3+-Catalyzed Aldol-Type Additions of N-Benzoylcyclopropanecarboxamides via Iodide-Mediated Ring-Opening: Stereoselective Synthesis of ?-Lactams * Postulated catalytic cycle Summary:Advantages of Metal Ions Compared to H+ Higher charge (M2+, M3+) Also works at neutral pH Coordination with several groups is possible (template effect) Many metal ions have redox properties * Catalysis by Acids, Bases and Metal Ions Mechanism: 1) The diffusion-controlled formation of a hydrogen bond between the base B– and the acid HA 2) The transfer of a proton, leading to the formation of a new hydrogen