《计算机网络和因特网》讲义.pptVIP

PART II Packet Transmission Chapter 11 Extending LANs: Fiber Modems, Repeaters, Bridges, and Switches 局域网扩展：光纤调制解调器、 中继器、网桥和交换机 11.1 Introduction Each LAN technology is designed for a specific combination of speed, distance, and cost. The designer specifies a maximum distance that the LAN can span,with typical LANs designed to span a few hundred meters. 11.2 Distance Limitation and LAN Design Distance limitation is a fundamental part of LAN designs. Engineers choose a combination of capacity, maximum delay, and distance that can be achieved at a given cost. To help save expense,LAN technologies usually use a shared communication medium. 11.3 Fiber Optic Extensions A pair of fiber modems and optical fibers can be used to provide a connection a computer and a remote LAN. Because delays across fiber are low and bandwidth is high, the mechanism will operate correctly across distances of several kilometers. 11.4 Repeaters中继器 A repeater is usually an analog electronic device that continuously monitors electrical signals on each cable. When it senses a signal on one cable, the repeater transmits an amplified copy on the other cable. 11.5 Bridges网桥 A bridge is an electrical device that connects two LAN segments. A bridge handles complete frame and uses the same network interface as a conventional computer. The bridge listens to traffic on each segment in promiscuous mode(混合模式). When it receives a frame from one segment,the bridge verifies that frame arrived intact,and then forwards a copy of the frame to the other segment if necessary. 11.6 Frame Filtering 帧过滤 A typical bridge consists of a conventional computer with a CPU, memory, and two network interfaces. A bridge does not run application software, the CPU executes code from ROM. The most valuable function a bridge performs is frame filtering. When a frame arrives on a segment,the bridge extracts and checks the source address and the destination address. 11.7 Startup and Steady State Behavior of Bri