基于HYM8563定时器和单片机的低功耗太阳能自动跟踪系统.docVIP

本科生毕业设计（论文） PAGE PAGE III 摘 要 能源是人类面临经济发展和环境维护平衡需要解决的最根本最重要的问题。太阳能是一种极为丰富的清洁能源，同时通常最普遍且最方便使用的是电能。因而太阳能光伏发电是最有应用前景的太阳能利用方式。目前，光伏发电的成本太高，世界各国正在积极改进电池制造工艺。采用新技术以提高转换效率，降低光伏发电的成本。全自动跟踪太阳发电设备从控制技术出发，采用新的光伏发电装置技术，与固定式相比发电能力提高35％，成本下降25％。 本系统以单片机为核心，构建了由光电转换，逆变电源，光电二极管检测和比较，方位角和高度角双轴机械跟踪定位系统组成的自动控制装置。这是一种新型的基于单片机的太阳光自动跟踪系统，能够按阳光照射角度自动调节电池角度，使太阳能电池发电效果最佳。采用传感器定位和太阳运行轨迹相结合，弥补了赤道架型太阳能自动跟踪系统的缺陷，具有全天候，全自动，跟踪精度高等优点，充分保证了太阳辐射观测的需要，大大减轻了观测人员的劳动强度。 在晴天检测时能自动跟踪太阳并实时回存正确数据，消除因季节变化而产生的积累误差，在阴天时能自动引用晴天时的位置，控制精度高，具有广泛的应用潜力。实现了追踪太阳的效果，达到提高发电效率的目的。 关键词：光电检测； 自动跟踪； 单片机； 低功耗；电机驱动 Abstract Energy is the most fadamental and important problem that people need to solve when faced with economic development and environment balance protect. Solar energy is an extreme abundant and clean sourse, and usually the most common and the most convenient one is the use of power. Therefore the solar photovoltaic application is the best way to make use of solar energy. At present, the high cost of photovoltaic power generation promotes countries around the world to actively improve the battery manufacturing process. They adopte new technologies to improve conversion efficiency and reduce the cost of photovoltaic power generation. Automatic tracking solar power generation equipment which starts from the control technology applies a new installation of photovoltaic power generation technology, and its power generation capacity raise 35 percent, 25 percent reduction in costs, compared to the fixed one. The system considers single-chip microcomputer as the core and construct a automatic control device composed by the photoelectric conversion, inverter power supply, photodiode detection and comparison, the azimuth and elevation angle biaxial mechanical positioning system. This is a new microcontroller-based automatic tracking solar system, thus able to automatically adjust the angle of battery to that of sunlight so that the solar battery can reach its top power generation. The combination of sensors and the