微量元素地球化学课件中国地质大学5微量元素数据的利用和地球化学解释.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Order of elements based on estimates of increasing incompatibility from right to left in a typical mantle undergoing partial melting Elements are all incompatible (D1) during most partial melting and fractional crystallization processes. The main exceptions are Sr, which may be compatible if plagioclase is involved, Y and Yb with garnet Ti with magnetite Troughs at these elements would indicate respective mineral involvement Oceanic basalts = large degrees of PM, their spider diagrams should reflect the trace element patterns of their source Less incompatible elements on the right-hand side should be less enriched during PM (particularly for small degrees of it), tilting the curve up on the left - (-) slope Additionally, FX subsequent to magma segregation from the source should tip the pattern even further * * * * * * MORB-normalization LIL on left and HFS on right. Incr. incompatibility toward center. Coherent magma with enrichment has hump shape * Figure 3 (a-e) Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic correlations for mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and oceanic island basalts (Data sources: MORB, PETDB geochemical database, 2002, at /petdb/; OIB, GEOROC geochemical database, 2003, at: http://georoc.mpchmainz.gwdg.de/Start.asp) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * MORB-normalized Spider Ocean island basalt plotted on a mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) normalized spider diagram of the type used by Pearce (1983). Data from Sun and McDonough (1989). From Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. Trace elements in CPX 火成岩蛛网图解释 两大类元素 活动性强的大离子亲石元素 活动性较弱的高场强元素 特定矿物对部分元素的控制作用 如Zr、P、Sr、Ti、Nb、Ta等 个别元素的特殊指示意义 如Nb、Ta（地壳混染） 强活动元素（流体活动或地壳混染） 沉积岩蛛网图解释 沉积物源区组成 某些特殊矿物 风化程度 部分熔融过程中的相容性 流体作用中的活动性 用某一特殊样品归一化 相对于新鲜部分微量元素呈现出互补的关系 3. 元素比值 元素比值通常比元素含量在识别某矿物或地质作用上更有效。 指示分异程度：(La/Yb)N、(La/Sm)N 指示沉积物源区：La/Sc、Th/Sc、La/Co、Th/Co、Eu/Sm、La、Lu Ni/Cr