患者知情同意权伦理辩护.PDFVIP

·伦理研究· DOI:10.13276/j.issn.1674-8913.2019.01.015 患者知情同意权的伦理辩护 梅春英，王晓波 （滨州医学院，山东 烟台 264003） Ethical argument for patients’ informed consent right MEI Chunying, WANGXiaobo Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China Informed consent right is the basic right of the patient. It should not only be enforced in clinical practice by 【Abstract 】 reinforcing the rules and laws existed, also it should be argued from the perspective of ethics. The deontology, utilitarian theory and virtue theory are the three main theories of western ethics, which provide supporting arguments for patient’s informed consent right. Examined in the paradigm of deontology, personal dignity advocated by deontology could be shown via informed consent right. Viewed from the perspective of the utilitarian theory, patients’ informed consent right could guarantee the healthy utility of patient and promote harmonious doctor-patient relationship, which helps establish harmonious relationship in society and also in accordance with the most people’s interests. Viewed from the perspective of the theory of virtue, only the respect for patients’ informed consent right is regarded as the requirement of ethics, could formalistic and procedural management of informed consent be avoided in practice. informed consent right; deontology; utilitarian theory; theory of virtue 【Keywords 】 【摘 要】 知情同意权是患者的一项基本权利，为了在临床实践中更好地落实患者知情同意权，除了完善现有 的法律法规外，还应该从伦理上对其正当性进行辩护。义务论、功利论和德性论是西方伦理学的三种主要形态， 它们都为患者知情同意权的正当性提供了理论上的辩护。把患者知情同意权放到义务论的范式中来考察，知情同 意权充分体现了义务论中对个人人格尊严和自主性的尊重。从功利论的角度来考量，落实患者知情同意权保障了 患者的健康功利，并且有利于构建和谐的医患关系，进而有利于社会的和谐稳定，符合功利论的最大多数人的最 大幸福原则。在德性论看来，只有把对患者知情同意权的尊重上升为道德主体的内在品质要求时，才