有机肥对红葱生长和产量及土壤肥力的影响.docVIP

有机肥对红葱生长和产量及土壤肥力的影响 中圈蓉亏c童搪2011,27(16):266—272 ChineseAgriculturalScienceBulletin 有机肥对红葱生长和产量及土壤肥力的影响 曹健,杨秋,赫新洲,陈琼贤,朱碧岩,张白鸽,张亚南,高惠楠 (广东省农科院蔬菜研究所,广州510640;华南师范大学生命科学学院,广州510631) 摘要:为提高红葱生产效益,解决红葱长期连作引起土壤连作障碍等问题,用农业废弃资源草菇渣的发 酵产物为主要原料,与土壤改良剂混配成有机肥,在红葱上进行小区试验和生产试验.结果表明:有机 肥能促进红葱植株的株高,叶片长,鳞茎长,鳞茎粗的生长,促进植株分蘖,提高红葱单株重量和各器官 的重量,提高红葱产量,特别是前期产量比对照提高了61.6%～72.5%,小区试验的差异极显着;有机肥还 固定和活化土壤营养,提高土壤交换性钙,交换性镁的含量,中和土壤酸性,降低土壤EC值,最终达到了 平衡土壤养分,改善土壤理化性状等效果;而试验农户的土壤存在磷,钾肥过量,镁肥缺乏的问题.本试 验为草菇渣等有机废弃物的综合利用,提高城郊农业生态环境的保育功能,增加红葱生产效益提供了合 理有效的技术措施. 关键词:红葱;有机肥;生长;产量;土壤肥力 中图分类号:$633.2文献标志码:A论文编号:2011—0106 EffectsofOrganicFertilizerontheGrowthandYieldofShallot0njonandSollFertility CaoJian,YangQiu,HeXinzhou,ChenQiongxian,ZhuBiyan, ZhangBaige,ZhangYanan,GaoHuinan (VegetableResearchInstituteGuangdongAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Guangzhou510640; CollegeofLifeSciences,SouthChinaNormalUniversity,Guangzhou510631) Abstract:ToimprovetheproductionbenefitofshallotonionIAmumascalonicumL.,andsolvetheproblem ofsoilcontinuouscroppingobstaclecausedbyit.Anorganicfertilizer,whichwasmadeoffermentation productsfromstrawmushroomresidueandsoilmodifier,wasusedinbothplotandfieldtrials.Theresults showedthattheorganicfertilizerimprovedtheplantheightandtheleaflength,increasedthediameterandthe lengthofbulbandpromotedthetilleringofshallotonion,andraisedtheweightofsingleplantandallpartsof organsaswellasyield.especiallyattheearlystage.whichwasincreasedby61.6%-72.5%.Thedifference betweenplotswasextremelysignificant.Theorganicfertilizerstabilizedoractivatednutrientsinsoil,andalso enhancedtheamountofexchangeableCaandMginthesoil,andneutralizedsoilacidity,butreducedsoilEC value,andfinallyachievedtheeffectsofbalancedsoilnutrients,improvedphysiochemicalpropertiesofsoil. Theresultspointedoutthat,however,toomuchphosphorousandpotassiumfertilizerbutfewmagnesium fertilizerwereappliedbyfarmers.Thisexperimentprovidesreasonableandeffectivetechnologicalmeasuresfor theintegrativeuseofstrawmushroomresidueandincreasingsoilconservationcapacityofagro-ec