典当行是马来西亚微型企业的信贷工具.docVIP

本科毕业论文（设计） 外 文 翻 译 原文： Pawnshop as an instrument of microenterprise credit in Malaysia There are no official estimates of the importance of pawnshops as a source of credit in the Malaysian financial market. The Central Bank of Malaysia does not collect data on pawnbroking and does not include an estimate of pawnshop credit in its statistics on total domestic credit. However, by exploring the data provided by a few pawnshops, it can be seen that the total pawnshop credit is estimated about RM125 million at the end of 1995 (of which RM67 million is new credit). For comparison purposes, the outstanding credit at the end of 1995 amounted to RM306.6 billion, of which RM174.2 billion was accounted by commercial banks loans and RM62.7 billion by finance companies. By these measures, pawnshops appear to deserve the status as a small bank as they are the source for only about 0.03 per cent of new credit in the Malaysian financial market. By other measures, pawnbroking clearly plays a key role in the Malaysian financial market. At the end of 1995, there were 282 pawnshops in Malaysia or about one pawnshop for every five branches of commercial banks. Moreover, in that year, the number of borrowers amounted to about 1,015,200 (with an average of 300 customers per month). The average loan is only RM803, therefore pawnshop lending as a percentage of total credit is much less significant than as a percentage of the population served (in 1995, the total Malaysian population was 19 million). Beyond these aggregate measures, pawnshops are also very important to thousands of Malaysians, especially the low income group ( RM500) and less educated (secondary level), whose credit risks exclude them from formal financial markets. A survey by Ragayah (1986) shows that the occupation of borrowers can be classified into three groups, i.e. housewives, private and government employees. These customers turn to pawnshops for credit because they are not eligible to borrow from formal financial