建立语法学的逻辑学基础-北京大学中国语言学研究中心.PDF

1998 4 ( 46 ) 建立语法学的逻辑学基础 ——中国语法学晚出之原因探析 北京大学　袁毓林 AbstractT hrough a comparative study of the Chinese language and the Indo-Eu- ropean languages in terms of their types, and through an exploration of the differences in cognitive systems as revealed in the formal logic of Europe hetuvidyof India and the, mingx ue of ancient China, the author draw s a conclusion that , because Chinese is an analytical isolating language, it is lacking in the diversities of morphological change, and therefore it w as difficult for a systematic morphology to be established. In ancient China , there w as no systematic logical study no categorical systems that could be used to clas- sify, and no methods or terminology to analyze the formation of a proposition, cognitive- ly w e w ere not w ell-e uipped to classify the w ords according to their functions, or ana- . lyze the sentence structures U nder such conditions it w as impossible for a developed , syntactic study to be established and eventually resulted in a historical fact that China did not have an independent grammatical study. Finally the author attempts, from the perspective of the roles of logic in modern science, to find an answ er to Joseph , Needham s uestion and investigates the causes for the late emergence of Chinese gram- matical study, against a background of history of philosophy of science. , 1898 , , , , : ? , : ( 1) , ( 2) , , , , 65 1998 4 ( 46 ) , (w ord and paradigm) , ( ) , 120 , : amo( ) , amas( ) , amat( ) , amamus( ) , amatis( ) , amant( ) , amabam( , ) ,